ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
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Questions and Answers

What is considered the primary etiology of biofilm induced gingivitis or periodontitis?

  • Smoking
  • Local systemic risk factors
  • Bacterial plaque (correct)
  • Diabetes

    • Is plaque alone sufficient to cause disease?

  • No, it can lead to different forms of the disease (correct)
  • Yes
  • Depends on the individual's immune system
  • Only in severe cases

    • Why are risk factors important to disease development and etiology?

  • To determine the color of the affected dentition
  • To assess how fast or slow the disease will progress
  • To identify the type of bacteria present
  • To predict the response to therapy (correct)

    • What falls under the classification of the disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Smoking and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a different category from biofilm induced gingival diseases?

    <p>Non biofilm induced gingival diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the additional risk factors mentioned in the text?

    <p>Local systemic risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard in evidence hierarchy for obtaining evidence of causality in risk factors?

    <p>Randomized clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of study aims to distinguish between causation and association in identifying causal pathways?

    <p>Longitudinal epidemiologic studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies does dentistry rely on for risk factor identification?

    <p>Cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can cross-sectional studies eliminate confounding factors?

    <p>Through statistical analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial in interpreting study findings and drawing conclusions?

    <p>Differentiating between association and causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does personalized medicine and dentistry depend on?

    <p>The patient and individual susceptibility to periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies aim to find consistent results among the population?

    <p>Mechanism studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a confirmed risk factor for periodontal disease?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a risk marker for disease without a direct causal link?

    <p>Missing teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of studies are associated with increased disease probability and require confirmation in longitudinal studies and clinical trials to be considered risk factors?

    <p>Cross-sectional studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some risk factors that are mentioned as modifiable?

    <p>Smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to reveal additional risk indicators, especially related to inflammation, providing more comprehensive understanding in the future?

    <p>Ongoing research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of smoking on risk for periodontal disease?

    <p>It increases the risk for periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of removal or modification of local risk factors on treatment outcomes?

    <p>It leads to more successful treatment outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of developmental grooves on maxillary incisors on periodontal health?

    <p>They are associated with poorer periodontal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of concavity in premolars and molars on restorative options?

    <p>It can affect restorative options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are teeth with furcation involvement classified in terms of treatment complexity?

    <p>More complex and challenging to treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding and addressing local risk factors in periodontal disease management?

    <p>It is crucial for successful periodontal disease management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for teeth with grade three enamel projections, especially in mandibular and second molars?

    <p>They have a poorer prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are enamel pearls commonly found?

    <p>Mandibular and maxillary third molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issues are associated with open contacts?

    <p>Food impaction, increased probing depth, and clinical attachment loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can overhanging restorations combined with open contacts potentially necessitate?

    <p>Replacement with proper restoration and contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should sub-crown margins consider?

    <p>Biologic width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average biologic width?

    <p>Around three millimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary etiology of biofilm induced gingivitis or periodontitis?

    <p>Bacterial plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is plaque alone sufficient to cause disease?

    <p>No, because adequate plaque accumulation can result in different forms of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are risk factors important to disease development and etiology?

    <p>They determine how severe the disease is and its progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What falls under the classification of the disease as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Smoking and diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of concavity in premolars and molars on restorative options?

    <p>It limits restorative options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average biologic width?

    <p>2.04mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gold standard in evidence hierarchy for obtaining evidence of causality in risk factors?

    <p>Randomized clinical trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dentistry rely on different types of studies for risk factor identification and determination?

    <p>It relies on cross-sectional studies for risk factor identification and longitudinal studies for risk factor determination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In interpreting study findings and drawing conclusions, what is crucial to differentiate between?

    <p>Association and causation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies aim to identify causal pathways and distinguish between causation and association?

    <p>Longitudinal epidemiologic studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can properly designed clinical trials demonstrate the impact of specific risk factors on disease outcomes?

    <p>By conducting randomized experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do personalized medicine and dentistry depend on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of teeth are enamel pearls commonly found in?

    <p>Mandibular and maxillary third molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can open contacts lead to?

    <p>Food impaction and increased probing depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average biologic width?

    <p>Around three millimeters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can overhanging restorations combined with open contacts potentially necessitate?

    <p>Replacement with proper restoration and contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can root proximity lead to?

    <p>Challenging cleaning and periodontal destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occlusion issues lead to?

    <p>Tissue trauma, especially in cases of deep bite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of studies aim to find consistent results among the population?

    <p>Mechanism studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a risk marker for disease without a direct causal link?

    <p>Missing teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of alternative smoking products like electronic cigarettes and marijuana on dental health based on preliminary research?

    <p>Impact not yet determined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of differentiating between risk factors, indicators, and markers?

    <p>To understand the causal pathway of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the presence of herpesvirus considered in relation to periodontal disease?

    <p>A risk indicator lacking conclusive evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ongoing research in relation to risk indicators?

    <p>To provide a more comprehensive understanding in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of developmental grooves on maxillary incisors?

    <p>They are associated with poorer periodontal health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of concavity in premolars and molars on restorative options?

    <p>It can be very pronounced, affecting restorative options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of teeth with furcation involvement in terms of treatment complexity?

    <p>More complex and challenging to treat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of smoking on risk for periodontal disease?

    <p>It increases the risk for periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of removal or modification of local risk factors on treatment outcomes?

    <p>It leads to more successful treatment outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for teeth with grade three enamel projections, especially in mandibular and second molars?

    <p>Poor prognosis due to increased plaque accumulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dental Anomalies and Their Clinical Implications

    • Cervical enamel projections are more frequently found in molars, with grades one and three being more prevalent than grade two.
    • Teeth with grade three enamel projections have a poorer prognosis, especially in mandibular and second molars.
    • Enamel pearls are commonly found in mandibular and maxillary third molars and may require extraction.
    • Root proximity can lead to challenging cleaning, thin septal bone, and non-canonical inflammation, resulting in periodontal destruction.
    • Open contacts are associated with food impaction, increased probing depth, and clinical attachment loss, requiring orthodontic or restorative intervention.
    • Occlusion issues can lead to tissue trauma, as seen in cases of deep bite causing wounds underneath central incisors.
    • Overhanging restorations can create additional issues, especially when combined with open contacts, potentially necessitating replacement with proper restoration and contact.
    • Sub-crown margins should consider the biologic width, which varies depending on the patient, tooth, and site.
    • The average biologic width is around three millimeters, but it varies based on individual patient and tooth factors.

    Dental Risk Factors and Local Factors in Periodontal Disease

    • Clear dose response relationship exists for risk factors and disease susceptibility
    • Examples include smoking and its impact on risk for periodontal disease
    • Clinical threshold exists for risk factors below which effects may be negligible
    • Local risk factors associated with plaque retention are important to identify during examination
    • Removal or modification of local factors leads to more successful treatment outcomes
    • Developmental grooves, concavity, and furcation involvement are key local risk factors
    • Grooves on maxillary incisors, especially laterals, are associated with poorer periodontal health
    • Presence of grooves may lead to deeper probing and increased plaque accumulation
    • Concavity in premolars and molars can be very pronounced, affecting restorative options
    • Narrow concavities can create challenges for accurate restoration and provide housing for bacteria
    • Teeth with furcation involvement are classified as more complex and challenging to treat
    • Understanding and addressing local risk factors is crucial in successful periodontal disease management

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    Etiology and Risk Factors PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of dental anomalies and their clinical implications with this quiz. Explore topics such as enamel projections, root proximity, occlusion issues, and biologic width, and learn about their impact on dental prognosis and treatment.

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