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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of routing protocols?

To update the routers' routing table (correct)

To increase internet speed

To connect different networks physically

To configure routers manually

What is a key difference in how routing protocols behave?

What type of networks they support

What type of routers they use

How they exchange network information (correct)

How often they are updated

Why do larger networks prefer dynamic routing?

Because it is more scalable

Because it provides better security

Because it is easier to configure

Because it enables routing protocols to update routing table contents (correct)

What is an autonomous system (AS)?

A group of connected IP routing prefixes and routers controlled by a single administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of routers in the Internet?

To efficiently interconnect different networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)?

To exchange routing information within routers of an autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What do routing protocols help in poppingulating?

Routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)?

BGP Signup and view all the answers

What do routers use to select the best path between networks?

Routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What type of protocol is RIP?

Distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of static routing?

It requires manual updating Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way RIP measures the distance to a remote network?

By calculating the hop count Signup and view all the answers

What do routers do when a routing protocol is enabled?

They start talking to other routers Signup and view all the answers

What are routing protocols often referred to as?

Languages by which routers speak about different networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a routing protocol?

To exchange routing information between routers Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of IGPs?

They exchange routing information within routers of an autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the term that refers to the number of routers that a packet has to pass through from its source router to reach the destination network?

Hop count Signup and view all the answers

What algorithm does RIP protocol use to find the best route?

Bellman Ford algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What is the administrative distance of RIP?

120 Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of hops supported by RIP?

15 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the split horizon mechanism in RIP?

To avoid routing loops Signup and view all the answers

What is the transport layer protocol used by RIP?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of routes that a RIP update message can carry?

25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the default load balancing behavior of RIP?

Equal cost load balancing Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing does RIPv1 support?

Classful routing Signup and view all the answers

What type of messages are used by RIPv2 for route updates?

Multicast messages Signup and view all the answers

What does RIPv2 support that RIPv1 does not?

Protocol authentication Signup and view all the answers

How often are timed updates sent in RIPv1?

Every 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of RIP?

Little overhead on bandwidth Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing does RIPv2 support?

Classless routing Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary when enabling static routes on a router?

Configuring unknown networks Signup and view all the answers

What does RIPv2 carry in its route update messages?

SNM and VLSM Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Update interval timer in RIP?

To schedule routing updates Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a route after the Invalid timer expires?

It is marked as invalid Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hop count of the path in RIP?

15 hops Signup and view all the answers

How does RIPv1 send routing table contents?

Using broadcast messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hold down timer in RIP?

To hold new routes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Flush timer in RIP?

To delete a route Signup and view all the answers

What is supported by RIPv2?

VLSM and network address summarization Signup and view all the answers

How do RIP routers exchange routing information?

Through a process called 'routing by rumor' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of routing protocols?

To update the routers' routing table Signup and view all the answers

Why do larger networks prefer dynamic routing?

Because it has notable drawbacks in using static routing Signup and view all the answers

What do routing protocols facilitate in exchange of information?

Route announcements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of routers in the Internet?

To efficiently interconnect different networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enabling a routing protocol on a router?

To share network related information Signup and view all the answers

What do routers use to select the best path between networks?

The routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of static routing in larger networks?

Drawbacks due to static routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of routing protocols in network communication?

To facilitate communication between routers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Update interval timer in RIP?

To send entire routing table contents periodically Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a route after the Invalid timer expires?

The route is marked as invalid with a metric of 16 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hold down timer in RIP?

To hold new routes for a certain period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Interior Gateway Protocols and Exterior Gateway Protocols?

IGPs are used within autonomous systems, while EGPs are used between autonomous systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Flush timer in RIP?

To delete routes from the routing table Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hop count of the path in RIP?

15 hops Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a routing protocol that exchanges routing information between different autonomous systems?

BGP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an autonomous system?

To collect routing prefixes under a single administration Signup and view all the answers

How does RIPv1 send routing table contents?

Using broadcast messages periodically Signup and view all the answers

What is supported by RIPv2 that RIPv1 does not?

VLSM Signup and view all the answers

How does RIP measure the distance to a remote network?

By calculating the hop count Signup and view all the answers

How do RIP routers exchange routing information?

By sending entire routing table contents periodically Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a distance vector protocol like RIP?

It measures the distance to reach a remote network by calculating hop count Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an Interior Gateway Protocol?

To exchange routing information within an autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between RIP and other Interior Gateway Protocols like OSPF?

RIP is a distance vector protocol, while OSPF is a link-state protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of enabling a routing protocol on a router?

The router will start exchanging routing information with neighboring routers Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to enable RIP protocol on a router?

ROUTER RIP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the VERSION 2 command in RIP configuration?

To disable RIPv1 and enable RIPv2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the NETWORK command in RIP configuration?

To make RIP advertise the network Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing protocol is RIP?

Distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of RIP protocol?

It is a distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of RIP protocol?

In small and simple networks Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to display routing protocols running on a router?

SHOW IP PROTOCOLS Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the SHOW IP ROUTE command?

To list out routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2 in terms of routing?

RIPv1 supports classful routing, while RIPv2 supports classless routing Signup and view all the answers

How do RIPv2 routers send route updates?

As multicast messages to 224.0.0.9 Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of RIPv2 that is not present in RIPv1?

Protocol authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of RIP?

It has little overhead regarding used bandwidth and configuration time Signup and view all the answers

What needs to be configured when enabling static routes on a router?

The unknown networks for that router Signup and view all the answers

What does RIPv2 carry in its route update messages?

The subnet mask, the routing table, and the subnet number (SNM) Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using RIP?

It is easy to implement and suitable for small networks Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2 in terms of auto summarization?

Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 auto summarize routes across major network boundaries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of RIPv1?

Does not support protocol authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of RIP?

It has little overhead regarding used bandwidth, configuration time, and management time Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing does RIPv2 support?

Both classful and classless routing Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary when enabling static routes on a router?

Configuring unknown networks Signup and view all the answers

What does RIPv2 carry in its route update messages?

Subnet masks and network addresses Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2?

RIPv2 supports protocol authentication, while RIPv1 does not Signup and view all the answers

How often are timed updates sent in RIPv2?

Every 30 seconds plus triggered updates Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to enable RIPv2 on a router?

VERSION 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of RIP?

It is very easy to implement, suitable for small networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the NETWORK command in RIP configuration?

To advertise the network Signup and view all the answers

What information does the SHOW IP ROUTE command display?

Routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the RIP protocol?

It is a distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

Why is RIP convenient for smaller networks?

Because it is easy to implement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ROUTER RIP command?

To enable RIP protocol Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to display routing protocols running on a router?

SHOW IP PROTOCOLS Signup and view all the answers

What happens when RIP is enabled on a router?

The router starts advertising its directly connected networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of routing protocols in dynamic routing?

To populate and update the routing table contents as and when network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is a major drawback of using static routing in larger networks?

It is not scalable and does not adapt to network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of routing protocols in routers?

To update the routing table contents and keep them updated as and when network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of routers in the Internet?

To route data packets between networks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RIP?

To update the routing table contents and keep them updated as and when network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of enabling a routing protocol on a router?

To enable the router to speak with other routers and exchange network information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of routing protocols in network communication?

To update the routing table contents and keep them updated as and when network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using dynamic routing over static routing?

It is more scalable and adapts to network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between IGP and EGP?

IGP is used for routing exchanges within an AS, while EGP is used for routing exchanges between ASes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of RIP?

To exchange routing information between routers of an AS Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do routing protocols exchange?

Network topology and routing updates Signup and view all the answers

What is the term that refers to a collection of connected IP routing prefixes and their routers?

Autonomous system (AS) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of RIP?

It is a distance vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Update interval timer in RIP?

To schedule routing updates every 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of enabling a routing protocol on a router?

To exchange routing information with other routers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way RIP measures the distance to a remote network?

By calculating the number of hops Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 15 hop count limit in RIP?

It prevents infinite routing loops Signup and view all the answers

How do RIP routers exchange routing information?

By sending entire routing table contents to all devices as broadcast messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an IGP and an EGP?

IGP is used for routing exchanges within an AS, while EGP is used for routing exchanges between ASes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hold down timer in RIP?

To hold down new routes for 180 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the multicast address 224.0.0.9 in RIP?

It is used by RIPv2 for sending routing updates to neighbor routers Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a route after the Flush timer expires?

It is deleted Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2?

RIPv1 uses broadcast messages, while RIPv2 uses multicast messages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Invalid timer in RIP?

To mark a route as invalid after 180 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of hops supported by RIP?

15 Signup and view all the answers

What transport layer protocol is used by RIP?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the split horizon mechanism in RIP?

To avoid routing loops Signup and view all the answers

What is the administrative distance of RIP?

120 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of a routing protocol?

To facilitate the exchange of network information between routers Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using static routing in larger networks?

It cannot adapt to network topology changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the default load balancing behavior of RIP?

Equal cost load balancing Signup and view all the answers

How do routers communicate with each other when a routing protocol is enabled?

By sharing network information with each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of routes that a RIP update message can carry?

25 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of enabling a routing protocol on a router?

To facilitate the exchange of network information with other routers Signup and view all the answers

What algorithm does RIP use to find the best route?

Bellman Ford algorithm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of routers in the Internet?

To interconnect different networks Signup and view all the answers

What type of routing does RIPv2 support?

Classless routing Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Routing Information Protocol (RIP)?

It is a distance-vector protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of routing protocols?

To update the routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What do routing protocols help in achieving?

Populating and updating the routing table contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of classifying routing protocols?

To determine which protocol to use in a network Signup and view all the answers

What is the common characteristic of IGPs and EGPs?

They are used for routing within a single autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between IGP and EGP?

IGP is used for intra-autonomous system routing, while EGP is used for inter-autonomous system routing Signup and view all the answers

What type of information do IGPs exchange?

Routing information within an autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between RIP and other routing protocols?

RIP is a distance vector protocol, while others are link-state protocols Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an autonomous system?

A collection of connected IP routing prefixes and routers under a single administration Signup and view all the answers

Why do routing protocols behave differently in exchanging network information?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of RIP?

To exchange routing information within an autonomous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Update interval timer in RIP?

To schedule routing updates Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a route after the Flush timer expires in RIP?

It is deleted Signup and view all the answers

How do RIP routers exchange routing information?

By sending to neighbor routers periodically Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum hop count of the path in RIP?

15 hops Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hold down timer in RIP?

To hold down new routes Signup and view all the answers

How does RIPv1 send routing table contents?

As broadcast messages periodically Signup and view all the answers

What is supported by RIPv2 that is not supported by RIPv1?

VLSM Signup and view all the answers

What is the term referred to as 'routing by rumor'?

The process of exchanging routing information in RIP Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between RIPv1 and RIPv2 in terms of routing support?

RIPv1 supports classful routing, while RIPv2 supports classless routing Signup and view all the answers

How do RIPv2 routers send route updates?

As multicast messages - 224.0.0.9 Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of RIPv2 that is not present in RIPv1?

Protocol authentication Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of RIP?

Simple to implement and suitable for small networks Signup and view all the answers

What happens when we enable static routes on a router?

The unknown networks for that router need to be configured Signup and view all the answers

What does RIPv2 carry in its route update messages that RIPv1 does not?

Subnet mask (SNM) Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of timed updates in RIPv1 and RIPv2?

Every 30 seconds + triggered updates Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of RIPv1 compared to RIPv2?

It does not support protocol authentication Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Routing Information Protocol

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector protocol that measures the distance to reach a remote network by calculating hop count.
RIP uses Bellman Ford algorithm to find the best route.

Features of RIP

RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.
RIP is an IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) that works within an Autonomous System (AS).
Administrative distance of RIP is 120.
RIP supports classless routing and VLSM (RIPv2).
RIP uses metric – HOP COUNT to decide the best path to reach a destination.
RIP sends periodic update messages to next RIP routers.
Entire routing table is sent each time.
Maximum number of hops supported by RIP is 15.
A route with a hop count of 16 is considered an invalid route.
A RIP update message can carry a maximum of 25 routes.
RIP uses UDP as transport layer and is identified by port no 520.

RIP Timers

Update interval: 30 sec (routing updates are scheduled).
Invalid timer: 180 sec (after the last update, the route is marked as invalid, but remains part of the routing update with a metric of 16).
Hold down timer: 180 sec (new routes are on hold).
Flush timer: 240 sec (route is deleted).

How RIP Works

RIP routers send their entire routing table contents to neighbor routers periodically.
The receiving router processes the route announcements and updates its routing table if needed, and forwards the contents of its own routing table to the next neighbor.

Comparison of RIPv1 and RIPv2 Features

RIPv1 vs RIPv2

RIPv1 supports classful routing, while RIPv2 supports classless routing.
RIPv1 supports only FLSM, while RIPv2 supports FLSM and VLSM.
RIPv1 does not carry subnet mask details in route update messages, while RIPv2 carries subnet mask details in route update messages.
RIPv1 sends route updates as broadcast messages (255.255.255.255), while RIPv2 sends route updates as multicast messages (224.0.0.9).
RIPv1 does not support manual route summarization, while RIPv2 supports manual route summarization.
RIPv1 does not support protocol authentication, while RIPv2 supports protocol authentication between RIPv2 routers.

Format of RIPv2 Update Message

The update message format of RIPv2 consists of command, version, and route entries.

Configuring RIPV2

When enabling RIPV2 on a router, unknown networks for that router need to be configured.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Objective

Understand RIP concepts, characteristics, and features
Learn about RIP functionality and RIPv2 update message format
Compare RIPv1 and RIPv2
Understand configuration procedure for RIPv2

Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

Objective

Understand RIP concepts, characteristics, and features
Learn about RIP functionality and RIPv2 update message format
Compare RIPv1 and RIPv2
Understand configuration procedure for RIPv2

Routing Information Protocol

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance vector protocol that measures the distance to reach a remote network by calculating hop count.
RIP uses Bellman Ford algorithm to find the best route.

Features of RIP

RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.
RIP is an IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) that works within an Autonomous System (AS).
Administrative distance of RIP is 120.
RIP supports classless routing and VLSM (RIPv2).
RIP uses metric – HOP COUNT to decide the best path to reach a destination.
RIP sends periodic update messages to next RIP routers.
Entire routing table is sent each time.
Maximum number of hops supported by RIP is 15.
A route with a hop count of 16 is considered an invalid route.
A RIP update message can carry a maximum of 25 routes.
RIP uses UDP as transport layer and is identified by port no 520.

RIP Timers

Update interval: 30 sec (routing updates are scheduled).
Invalid timer: 180 sec (after the last update, the route is marked as invalid, but remains part of the routing update with a metric of 16).
Hold down timer: 180 sec (new routes are on hold).
Flush timer: 240 sec (route is deleted).

How RIP Works

RIP routers send their entire routing table contents to neighbor routers periodically.
The receiving router processes the route announcements and updates its routing table if needed, and forwards the contents of its own routing table to the next neighbor.

Comparison of RIPv1 and RIPv2 Features

RIPv1 vs RIPv2

RIPv1 supports classful routing, while RIPv2 supports classless routing.
RIPv1 supports only FLSM, while RIPv2 supports FLSM and VLSM.
RIPv1 does not carry subnet mask details in route update messages, while RIPv2 carries subnet mask details in route update messages.
RIPv1 sends route updates as broadcast messages (255.255.255.255), while RIPv2 sends route updates as multicast messages (224.0.0.9).
RIPv1 does not support manual route summarization, while RIPv2 supports manual route summarization.
RIPv1 does not support protocol authentication, while RIPv2 supports protocol authentication between RIPv2 routers.

Format of RIPv2 Update Message

The update message format of RIPv2 consists of command, version, and route entries.

Configuring RIPV2

When enabling RIPV2 on a router, unknown networks for that router need to be configured.

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Description

Test your knowledge of Routing Information Protocol (RIP) concepts, characteristics, and features. Learn about RIP functionality, RIPv2 update message format, and configuration procedures.