Respiratory Tract Infections Overview
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Respiratory Tract Infections Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following viral pathogens is commonly associated with respiratory tract infections and can be prevented through vaccination?

  • Influenza virus (correct)
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
  • Cytomegalovirus

    • What is the primary mechanism of action for Oseltamivir in the treatment of viral respiratory infections?

  • Inhibits neuraminidase enzyme activity (correct)
  • Inhibits viral RNA synthesis
  • Enhances the immune response
  • Blocks viral entry into the host cell

    • When should antivirals be considered as a treatment option for viral respiratory infections?

  • In patients with bacterial co-infections
  • For symptomatic management of fever
  • For patients at high risk of complications (correct)
  • When the patient presents with a mild cough only

    • Which of the following is a common symptomatic management option for treating cough in patients with viral respiratory infections?

    <p>Dextromethorphan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these medications is used for the treatment of oral herpes simplex infections?

    <p>Acyclovir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is primarily used for the management of Influenza?

    <p>Oseltamivir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Oseltamivir?

    <p>Inhibiting the viral neuraminidase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses requires yearly vaccination due to high genetic diversity?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supportive treatment is not commonly associated with the management of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in children?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the structure of SARS-CoV-2?

    <p>Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a typical symptom of Influenza?

    <p>Myalgia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral infection is characterized by the presence of antigenic drift and shift?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not included in the symptomatic management for Respiratory Syncytial Virus?

    <p>Vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of increased mucous production during a viral respiratory tract infection?

    <p>To aid in the movement of foreign invaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is associated with the barking cough known as croup?

    <p>Parainfluenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause for respiratory tract infections in infants during the fall and winter?

    <p>Respiratory Syncytial Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is primarily known for causing conjunctivitis in children?

    <p>Adenovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is NOT typically associated with respiratory tract viral infections?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is commonly referred to as the primary cause of the common cold?

    <p>Rhinovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of virus is the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)?

    <p>Single stranded RNA virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for adenovirus?

    <p>Via respiratory secretions, contaminated objects, and airborne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory Tract Infections

    • Most common pathogens: parainfluenza, RSV, influenza, COVID-19
    • Pathophysiology: Viral entry into respiratory tract triggers inflammatory response, resulting in cytokine release, coughing, and airway sensitization. Increased mucus production attempts to remove foreign invaders, but inflammation can hinder clearance and trap mucus.

    Viral RTI Presentation

    • Signs and Symptoms: Cough, sneezing, rhinorrhea, sore throat, headache, malaise, fever

    Parainfluenza

    • Also known as croup
    • Pathogen: Paramyxoviridae family, enveloped RNA virus
    • Infects larynx, trachea, sometimes bronchi.
    • Affects young children (ages 4-10)
    • Clinical Presentation: "Barking" cough (seal-like), stridor, child usually appears non-toxic.
    • Management: Symptomatic

    Adenovirus

    • Double stranded DNA virus, multiple serotypes
    • Transmission: respiratory secretions, contact with contaminated objects, airborne, waterborne.
    • Clinical presentation: Common cold symptoms (fever, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, otitis media, cough, exudative tonsillitis, GI symptoms)
    • Management: Symptomatic

    Rhinovirus

    • Characteristics: Single stranded RNA virus
    • Causes common cold and asthma triggers
    • Clinical presentation: Nasal dryness/irritation, sore throat, headache, cough, facial/ear pressure
    • Management: Symptomatic

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

    • Pathogen: Single stranded RNA virus
    • Transmission: Respiratory secretions
    • Clinical Presentation: URTI symptoms, can cause pneumonia, bronchiolitis.
    • Vaccination: For pregnant women, infants and elderly.
    • Management for Children: Supportive, Glucocorticoids, Bronchodilators.
    • Serious Cases: Ribavirin (nucleoside analog), IVIG, monoclonal antibodies (Palivizumab, Nirsevimab)

    Influenza

    • Types A and B most common in US
    • Clinical presentation: Fever, nonproductive cough, myalgia, malaise, sore throat, nausea, nasal congestion, and headache.
    • Pathophysiology: High genetic diversity through antigenic drift and shift, leading to the need for annual vaccination.
    • Management: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

    COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)

    • Pathogen: Coronavirus, enveloped positive sense, single stranded RNA virus.
    • Clinical Presentation: URTI symptoms, can cause lower respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, and pulmonary symptoms.
    • Pathophysiology: High genetic variation requires annual vaccination.

    Viral Vaccination

    • Available for: COVID-19, Influenza, RSV, Varicella (Chickenpox), Shingles, Monkeypox, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b), Hepatitis A & B, HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the main pathogens associated with respiratory tract infections, including parainfluenza, RSV, influenza, and COVID-19. It explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of these infections, with a focus on symptoms and viral characteristics. Test your knowledge on the signs, symptoms, and treatment options for viral respiratory tract infections.

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