Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Correlations
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled from the lungs?

  • Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)
  • Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (correct)
  • Vital Capacity (VC)
  • Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

    • What is the term for the volume of air remaining in the respiratory passage and lungs after the most forceful expiration?

  • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • Residual Volume (RV) (correct)
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

    • What is the term for the amount of air inspired forcefully after inspiration of normal tidal volume?

  • Tidal Volume (TV)
  • Vital Capacity (VC)
  • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) (correct)

    • What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after a full inspiration?

    <p>Vital Capacity (VC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio that reflects the amount of air you can forcefully exhale from your lungs?

    <p>FEV1/FVC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air inspired or expired during a normal inspiration or expiration?

    <p>Tidal Volume (TV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of normal tidal volume?

    <p>Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that remains in the lungs after normal expiration?

    <p>Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be contained in the lungs?

    <p>Total Lung Capacity (TLC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after normal tidal volume inspiration?

    <p>Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    <p>To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

    <p>Digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the use of oxygen by an organism to make energy, with the production of carbon dioxide as a waste product?

    <p>Respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a vital sign that CANNOT be recorded in the dental surgery?

    <p>Blood glucose level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of oxygen throughout the body and the removal of waste gases like carbon dioxide?

    <p>Respiratory transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the muscles in the respiratory system?

    <p>To power breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a clinical correlation that can affect respiratory function?

    <p>Finger clubbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the bloodstream?

    <p>Gaseous exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rate at which an individual breathes?

    <p>Respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between obstructive and restrictive conditions in the respiratory system?

    <p>Ability to inhale or exhale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which site does the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs?

    <p>Alveolar-capillary membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that drives gas exchange in the lungs?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pressure of a single type of gas in a mixture of gases?

    <p>Partial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate partial pressure of oxygen in venous blood?

    <p>40 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of external respiration?

    <p>Transfer of O2 from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of gas exchange that occurs at the tissue level?

    <p>Internal respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that drives the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membrane?

    <p>Partial pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased pulmonary ventilation on the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli?

    <p>Increases the partial pressure of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the fluctuations in partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood?

    <p>Oxygen has a larger fluctuation than carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of increasing tidal volume during exercise?

    <p>Increasing the depth of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which disease state is alveolar dead space significant?

    <p>COPD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the relationship between pH and oxygen carrying capacity?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of an increase in erythrocyte DPG on haemoglobin oxygen affinity?

    <p>Decreases oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of hyperventilation on the blood?

    <p>Decreases CO2 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of respiratory alkalosis on freely ionised calcium in the blood?

    <p>Decreases freely ionised calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the lungs to remove mucus from respiratory passageways?

    <p>Mucociliary clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ageing on vital capacity and respiratory rate?

    <p>Decreases vital capacity and respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after maximum inspiration?

    <p>Forced vital capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a respiratory depressant on the body?

    <p>Decreases respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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