32 Questions
Which structure in the respiratory system regulates the volume of air that enters the lungs?
Vocal cords
What is the function of the conchae in the nose?
Disrupt air flow to clean and warm incoming air
What is the main pathway for air in the respiratory system?
Nose
Which structure separates the right and left nostrils in the nasal cavity?
Septum
What slows down the cilia in the respiratory system, potentially resulting in a runny nose?
Cold air
Where is the sense of smell area located in the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the respiratory system?
To clean debris and kill pathogens
Which lung has a cardiac notch?
Left lung
What is the purpose of pleural fluid in the respiratory system?
To lubricate the lungs and keep them in place
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
To carry deoxygenated blood away from the lungs
Which pressure allows the lungs to remain inflated by creating a difference with atmospheric pressure?
Intrapleural pressure
What influences ventilation due to the size of the lungs and air passage size?
Resistance
What is the term for air that never reaches the alveoli in the respiratory system?
Anatomical dead space
What is the total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs called?
Vital capacity
What is tidal volume?
The air entering the lungs during quiet breathing
What is the smallest area where gas exchange takes place within the lungs known as?
Alveolar sac
What is hyperpnea?
An increase in ventilation not fully understood
Why does increasing altitude lead to a decrease in hemoglobin saturation?
Higher altitude decreases atmospheric pressure affecting hemoglobin saturation
What is the main issue with exercising at high altitudes?
The inability to supplement oxygen inhalation due to low reserves
At what altitude does Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) usually occur?
Around 8000 ft or higher
How is Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) treated?
By descending to a lower altitude and higher oxygen pressure
What is the purpose of fetal breathing movements during pregnancy?
To inhale and exhale amniotic fluid for muscle development
What is the function of the dorsal respiratory group (DRG) located in the medulla oblongata?
Sends signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract
Which center in the pons inhibits the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?
Pneumotaxic center
What is the primary function of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the medulla oblongata?
Stimulates accessory muscles for forced inspiration
How does the medulla and pons control breathing depth and rate?
By detecting toxic carbon dioxide levels
What causes an increase in breathing rate to remove toxic carbon dioxide from the body?
Increase in hydrogen ions due to carbon dioxide
In external respiration, where does oxygen have a lower amount in the blood?
Capillaries
What is the primary function of a pulse oximeter?
Test saturation level of hemoglobin carrying oxygen
In which form does most bicarbonate travel in the body?
Erythrocytes
What happens when carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin after oxygen has been released?
It decreases hemoglobin saturation.
What is hyperpnea?
Increase in rate and depth of ventilation.
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the respiratory system, including the conducting zone and the sense of smell. Learn about the main structures like the nose, root, apex, bridge, and septum.
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