32 Questions
Where is the sense of smell located in the respiratory system?
Nasal cavity
What structure separates the right and left nostrils in the nose?
Septum
What do defensins do in the nasal cavity?
Fight infections
Which part of the throat splits food into the esophagus and air into the trachea?
Laryngopharynx
What is the main function of cilia in the larynx?
Beat mucus and debris upward
Which structure closes the trachea while swallowing food?
Epiglottis
What is the main cause of alkaline pH in the blood during hyperventilation?
Increased ventilation without the demand for more oxygen
At higher altitudes, why does hemoglobin saturation drop to around 67% compared to about 98% at sea level?
Lower partial pressure of oxygen in the air
What is a key factor contributing to acute mountain sickness (AMS) at high altitudes?
Low partial pressure of oxygen in the air
Why is it important for acclimatization to occur slowly and over a period of time at high altitudes?
To allow the body to adjust to lower levels of oxygen in the air
What is a key role of the mother for a fetus regarding breathing and gas exchange?
Providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide for the fetus
How does fetal breathing movement contribute to healthy development in a fetus?
Exhaling fluid and inhaling air for muscle development
Which center in the pons stimulates the dorsal respiratory group (DRG)?
Apneustic center
What does hyperpnea refer to?
Increase in rate and depth of ventilation
Which gas has a very high pressure but low solubility in liquid?
Nitrogen
What is the function of the peripheral chemoreceptors?
Detect a decrease in oxygen
What is the main way oxygen is transported in the blood?
Bound to hemoglobin
What causes bronchodilation in response to high pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli?
Low pH
What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide travels in the blood?
As bicarbonate
What is Henry's Law related to?
Effect of solubility and partial pressure of gas on dissolution in a liquid
What triggers an increase in ventilation when oxygen levels decrease significantly?
High O2 levels
What happens to pulmonary arterioles with high levels of oxygen in the alveoli?
Dilate
Which structure in the lungs is responsible for cleaning debris and killing pathogens?
Alveolar macrophages
What is the function of the visceral and parietal pleura surrounding the lungs?
Lubricate the lungs
What is the purpose of the transpulmonary pressure in the lungs?
Keeps lungs inflated
What influences ventilation in the lungs based on their size and air passage?
Resistance
Which volume represents the air that never reaches the alveoli?
Anatomical dead space
What is the primary control center for respiratory rate in the body?
Medulla oblongata
Which term refers to the number of breaths taken per minute?
Respiratory rate
What is the purpose of alveolar sacs in the respiratory zone of the lungs?
Gas exchange
What is the term for the smallest area in the lungs where gas exchange occurs?
Respiratory zone
Which nerves are responsible for causing bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the respiratory system, including the functions of different parts like the conducting zone, nose, and septum. Learn about the structure of the nose and how it helps with breathing and the sense of smell.
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