31 Questions
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Regulating the acid-base balance
Where are the vocal cords and epiglottis located?
Larynx
What is the function of the conchae in the nose?
Trap debris and warm incoming air
How do cilia in the nose help maintain respiratory health?
Remove mucus and debris by beating motion
What happens when cold air is inhaled through the nose?
Slows down the cilia function
Where does the laryngopharynx direct food during swallowing?
Esophagus
What is the main cause of alkaline pH in the blood during hyperventilation?
Increase in ventilation without oxygen demand
At what altitude does Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) usually occur?
Around 8000 ft
What is the main reason exercise poses a problem at higher altitudes?
Lack of oxygen reserve in veins
What happens if someone is not acclimatized and develops Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) at high altitudes?
Decrease in partial pressure of oxygen
At what altitude does hemoglobin saturation drop to about 67% compared to about 98% at sea level?
19,000 feet
What is the purpose of fetal breathing movements starting around week 20 of development?
To exercise the newly forming muscles
What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?
To clean debris and kill pathogens
Which lung has a cardiac notch for the heart?
Left lung
What is the main mechanism through which gases cross in the majority of alveolar cells?
Simple diffusion
Which pressure allows the lungs to remain inflated by equalizing with atmospheric pressure?
Intra-alveolar pressure
What is the anatomical dead space in the respiratory system?
Air that never reaches the alveoli
Which term refers to the number of breaths taken per minute?
Respiratory rate
What is the function of the tertiary bronchus in each lung lobe?
To supply air to specific lobes
What prevents the alveoli from collapsing after we exhale?
Residual volume (RV)
What is the purpose of ventilation in the respiratory system?
To coordinate muscle contractions for breathing
Which structure produces pleural fluid to lubricate and stabilize the lungs?
Pleura
What is the role of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the medulla oblongata?
It sends signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles for forced inspiration.
How does carbon dioxide affect breathing?
It increases breathing to remove toxic carbon dioxide.
Which gas has a high pressure but low solubility in liquid?
Nitrogen
What is the main function of external respiration?
Exchange gases in the lungs
What is the primary form of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
As bicarbonate
How does a high pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli affect bronchioles?
It causes bronchodilation
What is hyperpnea?
An increase in rate and depth of ventilation to meet oxygen demands
How does the limbic system influence respiratory rate?
By adjusting breathing due to pain, emotions, and temperature
What causes a decrease in ventilation according to Dalton’s Law?
$\text{Decrease in partial pressure}$ of gases
Test your knowledge of the structure of the respiratory system, including the functions of the conducting zone and the anatomy of the nose. Explore key terms like septum, conchae, and nasal cavity.
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