Respiratory System Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

  • Digesting food
  • Balancing electrolytes in the body
  • Regulating the acid-base balance (correct)
  • Producing sound

    • Where are the vocal cords and epiglottis located?

  • Trachea
  • Pharynx
  • Nasal cavity
  • Larynx (correct)

    • What is the function of the conchae in the nose?

  • Produce mucus for the nasal cavity
  • Regulate air pressure
  • Trap debris and warm incoming air (correct)
  • Produce sense of smell

    • How do cilia in the nose help maintain respiratory health?

    <p>Remove mucus and debris by beating motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when cold air is inhaled through the nose?

    <p>Slows down the cilia function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the laryngopharynx direct food during swallowing?

    <p>Esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of alkaline pH in the blood during hyperventilation?

    <p>Increase in ventilation without oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what altitude does Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) usually occur?

    <p>Around 8000 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason exercise poses a problem at higher altitudes?

    <p>Lack of oxygen reserve in veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if someone is not acclimatized and develops Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) at high altitudes?

    <p>Decrease in partial pressure of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what altitude does hemoglobin saturation drop to about 67% compared to about 98% at sea level?

    <p>19,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fetal breathing movements starting around week 20 of development?

    <p>To exercise the newly forming muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of alveolar macrophages in the lungs?

    <p>To clean debris and kill pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lung has a cardiac notch for the heart?

    <p>Left lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism through which gases cross in the majority of alveolar cells?

    <p>Simple diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pressure allows the lungs to remain inflated by equalizing with atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Intra-alveolar pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical dead space in the respiratory system?

    <p>Air that never reaches the alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the number of breaths taken per minute?

    <p>Respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tertiary bronchus in each lung lobe?

    <p>To supply air to specific lobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents the alveoli from collapsing after we exhale?

    <p>Residual volume (RV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of ventilation in the respiratory system?

    <p>To coordinate muscle contractions for breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure produces pleural fluid to lubricate and stabilize the lungs?

    <p>Pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) in the medulla oblongata?

    <p>It sends signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles for forced inspiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbon dioxide affect breathing?

    <p>It increases breathing to remove toxic carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas has a high pressure but low solubility in liquid?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of external respiration?

    <p>Exchange gases in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

    <p>As bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a high pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli affect bronchioles?

    <p>It causes bronchodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperpnea?

    <p>An increase in rate and depth of ventilation to meet oxygen demands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the limbic system influence respiratory rate?

    <p>By adjusting breathing due to pain, emotions, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a decrease in ventilation according to Dalton’s Law?

    <p>$\text{Decrease in partial pressure}$ of gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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