Respiratory Diseases and Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of pneumonia is caused by viruses and accounts for about one-third of all pneumonia cases?

  • Aspiration pneumonia
  • Viral pneumonia (correct)
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
  • Bacterial pneumonia

    • What is a complication commonly associated with cor pulmonale?

  • Pleural effusion
  • Pneumothorax
  • Syncope (correct)
  • Pulmonary embolism

    • What defines empyema?

  • Collection of pus in the pleural space (correct)
  • Inflammation of the lining of the lungs
  • Fluid accumulation in the lungs
  • Presence of air in the pleural space

    • Which is NOT a clinical manifestation of atelectasis?

    <p>Coughing up blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most serious complication of thoracentesis?

    <p>Pneumothorax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hydrothorax specifically involve?

    <p>Accumulation of transudate in the pleural cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is associated with central nervous system oxygen toxicity?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of pulse oximetry?

    <p>Measure oxygen saturation of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary step in managing acute epistaxis?

    <p>Application of topical vasoconstrictors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines bronchial asthma?

    <p>Swelling and narrowing of the airway path, causing breathing difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically a cause of cystic lung disease?

    <p>Chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do bronchodilators aid in asthma management?

    <p>They relax muscles around the airways, improving airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical manifestation of bronchitis?

    <p>Cough with mucus that can vary in color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a bronchogram specifically visualize?

    <p>The bronchial tree after contrast injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of respiratory failure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Farmer's Lung?

    <p>Inhaling dust from moldy crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive treatment for early-stage malignant melanoma?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as non-infectious dermatoses?

    <p>Acne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium causes Hansen's disease?

    <p>Mycobacterium leprae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of edema?

    <p>Excessive exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lesions can acne vulgaris present as?

    <p>A mixture of both</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of edema primarily affects the brain?

    <p>Cerebral edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agency is involved in the control of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Australian AID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a nursing responsibility for managing generalized edema?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common symptoms of tetanus?

    <p>Jaw cramping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of shock?

    <p>Insufficient blood flow to organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypovolemic shock is primarily caused by which of the following?

    <p>Major blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parotitis involves swelling in which glands?

    <p>Parotid glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to vomiting?

    <p>Foodborne illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic test for hepatitis?

    <p>Blood tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is caused by an allergic reaction?

    <p>Anaphylactic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common clinical manifestation of septic shock?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of suctioning specifically involves removing secretions from the throat?

    <p>Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal suction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of traumatic pneumothorax?

    <p>It is caused by an injury to the chest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main action of Etofylline in treating asthma?

    <p>It dilates and relaxes airway muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the conventional site for pleural aspiration located?

    <p>Posteriorly, approximately 10 cm lateral to the spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a classic symptom of miliary tuberculosis as observed on chest radiography?

    <p>Milletlike seeding of TB bacilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for central venous pressure monitoring?

    <p>Routine blood tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with rhinorrhea?

    <p>Coughing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pneumothorax occurs when a small air bubble on the lung ruptures?

    <p>Primary spontaneous pneumothorax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of cystoscopy?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surgical technique is most commonly used to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication associated with Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)?

    <p>Bladder injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is not a treatment for male infertility?

    <p>Radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of epispadiasis?

    <p>Urethra opens on the top or side of the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic tests are commonly used for Cystitis?

    <p>Cystoscopy and imaging tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure involves stimulating and retrieving multiple mature eggs for fertilization in vitro?

    <p>In vitro fertilization (IVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of cystoscopy?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Edema

    • Edema is swelling caused by fluid trapped in tissues, often in the skin.
    • Congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, kidney disease, damaged veins, lymphatic system issues, and severe protein deficiency can cause edema.
    • Types include pedal edema (lower legs, ankles, feet), peripheral edema (arms, legs, feet), pulmonary edema (lungs), and cerebral edema (brain).

    Nursing Responsibilities for Generalized Edema

    • Movement: Moving affected body parts, especially legs, helps pump fluid back to the heart.
    • Elevation: Raising the affected area helps drain fluid.
    • Massage: Gently massaging the area can help move fluid.
    • Compression: Applying compression can help reduce swelling.
    • Protection: Protect swollen areas from further injury.
    • Reduce Salt Intake: Limiting salt intake can help reduce fluid retention.

    Shock

    • Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body doesn't get enough blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients to its cells and organs.
    • Types include cardiogenic shock (heart problems), hypovolemic shock (too little blood volume), and anaphylactic shock (allergic reaction).
    • Leading cause of hypovolemic shock is blood loss, whether from injury, pregnancy, burns, or severe vomiting and diarrhea.

    Causes of Vomiting

    • Foodborne illness (food poisoning)
    • Indigestion
    • Bacterial or viral infections (gastroenteritis)
    • Motion sickness
    • Chemotherapy
    • Migraine headaches
    • Medications (antibiotics, morphine, anesthesia)
    • Excessive alcohol consumption

    Clinical Manifestations of Septic Shock

    • Fever (usually higher than 101°F [38°C])
    • Hypothermia (low body temperature)
    • Fast heart rate
    • Rapid breathing (more than 20 breaths per minute)

    Severe Sepsis

    • Sepsis with organ damage (typically affecting kidneys, heart, lungs, or brain).
    • Symptoms include noticeably lower urine production, acute confusion, dizziness, severe breathing problems, and bluish discoloration of the digits or lips (cyanosis).

    Incontinence

    • Lack of voluntary control over urination or defecation.

    Hyperkalemia

    • High potassium levels in the blood.
    • Normal potassium levels range from 3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).
    • Potassium is critical for nerve and muscle function, including in the heart.

    Hypercalcemia

    • High calcium levels in the blood.
    • Too much calcium can weaken bones, create kidney stones, and affect heart and brain function.
    • Often a result of overactive parathyroid glands.

    Syncope

    • A symptom that may be due to benign or life-threatening factors.
    • Possible causes include overheating, dehydration, heavy sweating, exhaustion, or the pooling of blood in the legs due to sudden changes in body position.

    Cardiogenic Shock

    • Shock caused when the heart can't pump blood effectively due to issues outside the heart, such as fluid buildup, internal bleeding, blood loss, or pulmonary embolism; or injury or trauma to the chest.

    Flail Chest

    • Two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more breaks per rib.
    • Destabilization of a portion of the chest wall, typically caused by severe blunt force trauma.

    Pneumonia Types

    • Bacterial pneumonia: Caused by various bacteria.
    • Viral pneumonia: Caused by viruses, including the flu (influenza) and is responsible for about one-third of all pneumonia cases.
    • Mycoplasma pneumonia
    • Other pneumonias

    Cor Pulmonale Complications

    • Syncope, hypoxia, pedal edema, passive hepatic congestion, and death.

    Empyema

    • A collection of pus in the pleural space (between lung and chest wall).

    Atelectasis Clinical Manifestations

    • Difficulty breathing
    • Rapid, shallow breathing
    • Wheezing

    Complications of Chest Injuries

    • Respiratory failure
    • Pneumonia
    • Pleural sepsis

    Oxygen Toxicity Indicators

    • Visual changes (especially tunnel vision)
    • Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
    • Nausea
    • Twitching (especially of the face)
    • Behavioral changes (irritability, anxiety, confusion)
    • Dizziness

    Thoracentesis Complications

    • Pneumothorax: Air in the pleural space
    • Re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE)
    • Damage to the spleen or liver
    • Infection
    • Air embolism
    • Shortness of breath
    • Pain
    • Bleeding

    Hypoxia

    • Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

    Suctioning Types

    • Nasal suction
    • Oral suction
    • Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal suction
    • Deep suctioning

    Pneumothorax Types

    • Traumatic pneumothorax: Injury to the chest, lung collapse.
    • Tension pneumothorax: Potentially fatal
    • Primary spontaneous pneumothorax: Small air bubble in the lung ruptures.
    • Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

    Pleural Aspiration Sites

    • Posteriorly, approximately 10 cm lateral to the spine and 1-2 intercostal spaces below the upper level of the fluid

    Central Venous Pressure Indications

    • Volume resuscitation
    • Emergency venous access
    • Nutritional support
    • Administration of caustic medications (e.g., vasopressors)
    • CVP monitoring
    • Transvenous pacing wire introduction
    • Hemodialysis

    Military Tuberculosis

    • Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis via hematogenous spread.
    • Classic miliary TB: Millet-like seeding of TB bacilli in the lung.

    Rhinorrhea

    • Free discharge of thin nasal mucus fluid.
    • Common symptom in allergies or viral infections such as the common cold.

    Epistaxis Emergency Management

    • Firm pressure on the alae
    • Topical vasoconstrictors
    • Anterior packing (e.g., gauze or nasal tampon).

    Bronchial Asthma

    • Airway inflammation and narrowing (swelling) causing mucus production, making it difficult to breathe characterized by episodes of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing.

    Cystic Lung Disease Causes

    • Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on respiratory diseases, their complications, and management strategies. This quiz covers various conditions including pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis, as well as diagnostic and treatment protocols. Explore important concepts related to respiratory health and emergency interventions.

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