Resistance Training Effects Specificity

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason that athletes can eliminate bilateral deficit through training?

Corrective exercises target weak muscle groups.

Training isolates each side of the body.

Bilateral deficit is a permanent condition.

Simultaneous training leads to bilateral facilitation. (correct)

What percentage can the bilateral deficit reach during rapid contractions?

~45% (correct)

~20%

~60%

~35%

What effect does an 8-week resistance training program have on knee flexors?

Has no effect on knee flexors.

Increases coactivation with knee extensors.

Reduces coactivation with knee extensors. (correct)

Decreases strength of knee flexors.

What is the initial effect of strength training according to the research?

Enhanced motor learning phase. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common strategy employed by the motor system when faced with uncertainty?

Cocontraction of opposing muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributed to the changes in strength after resistance training in the elderly?

Increased motor unit firing rates. Signup and view all the answers

During the first week of resistance training, what is primarily observed?

Most decrease in co-contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Why is muscle coactivation considered inefficient for movement production?

It generates unnecessary opposing torques. Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible benefit of learning a novel task according to the research?

It can reduce unnecessary co-contraction. Signup and view all the answers

What training outcome was primarily noted in elderly individuals after an 8-week resistance program?

Increased motor unit activation during MVC. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does one-legged isometric extension training have on two-legged tasks?

Has no effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about resistance training effects is true?

Hand muscle strength can be significantly improved through imagined training. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary limitation of training effects relative to trained tasks?

They are task-specific but not muscle-specific. Signup and view all the answers

According to research, what effect does isometric training at a high velocity have?

It primarily improves strength at the training speed. Signup and view all the answers

What was concluded about the effects of strength training on older adults compared to younger adults?

Resistance training provides unique benefits for older adults. Signup and view all the answers

What observation was made regarding the transfer of strength in hand muscles after training?

Untrained hand muscle strength also increased significantly. Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the bilateral deficit in muscle contractions?

Reduced activation of the homologous muscle in the opposite limb. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did 4 weeks of no real or imagined strength training have on hand muscle strength?

It resulted in no change in hand muscle strength. Signup and view all the answers

How does resistance training appear to affect the central nervous system?

It improves task-specific motor function. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Specificity of Resistance Training Effects

Resistance training effects are specific to the trained task.
One-legged isometric extension training reduces fatigability during one-legged tasks but not two-legged tasks.
Two-legged training reduces fatigability during two-legged tasks but not one-legged tasks.
Training effects are less specific to trained muscles.
Four weeks of strength training increased hand muscle strength by 30%, but toe extensor muscles did not change in strength.
However, muscle strength increased by 14% in the untrained hand.
Actual training may not be essential.
Four weeks of imagined strength training increased hand muscle strength by 22%.
Four weeks of no real or imagined strength training did not change hand muscle strength.
Hand muscles are trainable through imagined training but not elbow flexors or knee extensors.
This difference might be due to differences in maximality.
Training effects are specific to the velocity of training movements.
Individuals who performed isokinetic or isometric resistance training at 5.23 m/s for 16 weeks showed the greatest increase in maximum voluntary torque at the training speed.

Motor Asymmetries

Bilateral deficit: The MVC in a muscle is reduced if the homologous muscle in the opposite limb is contracted.
This deficit during slow contractions is approximately 20%, and during rapid contractions it can be as high as 45%.
Bilateral deficit can be trained away.
Athletes who train both sides of their body simultaneously, like rowers or weightlifters, can eliminate bilateral deficit.
They eventually achieve bilateral facilitation, producing the greatest force only when contracting homologous muscles on both sides of their body.

Muscle Coactivation

Cocontraction of muscles producing opposing torques is inefficient for movement production.
Cocontraction is a default motor system strategy used to cope with uncertainty.
An 8-week resistance training program increased knee extensor strength and reduced coactivation with knee flexors.
Most of the decrease in cocontraction occurred within the first week of training.
Resistance training can improve coordination before significant strength changes.
Learning a novel task can also reduce unnecessary/inefficient muscle cocontraction.

Resistance Training for Older Adults

Resistance training enhances motor unit firing rates in older adults.
Increases in MVC after 8 weeks of resistance training are associated with heightened motor unit firing rates in the elderly, unlike younger individuals.

Question to Consider

Which motor system structures are responsible for increased force output after a resistance training program?

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Description

Explore the effects of resistance training on task specificity and muscle strength. This quiz covers how targeted training influences performance across different limbs and the surprising results of imagined strength training. Delve into the nuances of training specificity and muscle adaptability.