30 Questions
What is the average number of days employees are missing work per year in the organization?
15 days
Which method of research involves observing subjects in their natural environment without any intervention or manipulation?
Naturalistic observation
What is the term for the statistical measure that describes the spread of scores around the mean?
Dispersion
In research, what do we call the variables that are manipulated or changed by the researcher?
Independent variables
What is the term for a statistical technique used to combine the results of multiple studies on a specific topic?
Meta-analysis
What is the primary purpose of a theory, according to Fred Kerlinger?
To specify relations among variables and explain the phenomenon
According to the text, what is the second criterion for a good theory?
Specificity
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic assumptions of scientists mentioned in the text?
Parsimony
According to Karl Popper, what is the ultimate goal of a scientific theory?
To be 'not yet disconfirmed'
What does the text suggest about the orderliness of behavior according to psychologists?
There is some order to behavior but it is not completely predictable
What is the focus of the nonscientist’s approach to understanding?
Accurate portrayal or depiction of the phenomenon of interest
What is the second goal of science according to Larry Christensen?
Gathering knowledge about why a phenomenon exists
Which goal of science refers to the ability to anticipate an event prior to its actual occurrence?
Ability to anticipate an event prior to its actual occurrence
What is the last goal of science according to Larry Christensen?
Manipulation of antecedent conditions to affect behavior
What is the process or method for generating a body of knowledge called?
Science
What is a causal inference in research?
A determination that data indicate a likely causal relationship between two variables
In the context of psychology, what are frequently referred to as predictors and criteria?
Independent and dependent variables
What is the role of control in experimental design?
To eliminate extraneous variables and ensure internal validity
What is the purpose of an extraneous variable in an experiment?
To contaminate the results or serve as an alternative causal explanation
Which type of variable is of interest and what an experiment is designed to assess?
Dependent variable
What is the purpose of holding a potentially extraneous variable constant in an experiment?
To control for the potential influence of the extraneous variable on the dependent variable
What is the opposite approach to holding a potentially extraneous variable constant in an experiment?
Systematically manipulating different levels of the variable
What is the role of statistical control in an experiment?
To control the variability in the dependent variable due to extraneous variables
In the context of leadership–job performance study, why might gender be treated as an independent variable?
To examine whether it plays a role in affecting the dependent variable
What is the purpose of using a quasi-experimental design in field-based research?
To remove any potential confounding variables
What is the primary objective of science?
To develop theories to describe, explain, predict, and control important phenomena
Which characteristic of a good theory emphasizes the importance of practicality?
Parsimony
What is induction in the context of science?
An approach that consists of working from data to theory
What is the problem with collecting data and then generating theories (i.e., induction) in its purest form?
It is useless unless those theories are tested and modified as a result of additional data
What does the cyclical inductive–deductive model of research illustrate?
The cyclical nature of how induction and deduction feed into each other
Test your knowledge on the importance of following the research process steps and the potential impact of not adhering to them. Explore how theories should be practical and contribute to describing, explaining, and predicting phenomena.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
