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Questions and Answers
Which type of pump is specifically designed to be installed underground?
Which type of pump is specifically designed to be installed underground?
What is the term for an underground layer that can yield significant amounts of water?
What is the term for an underground layer that can yield significant amounts of water?
What is the primary function of an impeller in a pump?
What is the primary function of an impeller in a pump?
Which element serves to reduce leakage at the shaft's entry point into the casing?
Which element serves to reduce leakage at the shaft's entry point into the casing?
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What does the term 'relative humidity' refer to?
What does the term 'relative humidity' refer to?
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Which measurement is equivalent to 1 lb?
Which measurement is equivalent to 1 lb?
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What is the typical bypass factor for large commercial units?
What is the typical bypass factor for large commercial units?
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What is sometimes referred to as specific humidity?
What is sometimes referred to as specific humidity?
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What is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at standard conditions?
What is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at standard conditions?
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What is the name of the process that uses a stream of hot water or steam for successive heating tasks?
What is the name of the process that uses a stream of hot water or steam for successive heating tasks?
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What is the term for the water that is formed by the condensation of steam?
What is the term for the water that is formed by the condensation of steam?
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What structure is designed to remove heat from condensate?
What structure is designed to remove heat from condensate?
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In a hydroelectric generating plant using reaction turbines, where is the turbine typically housed?
In a hydroelectric generating plant using reaction turbines, where is the turbine typically housed?
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What is the term for the water discharge point after the turbine in a hydroelectric plant?
What is the term for the water discharge point after the turbine in a hydroelectric plant?
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What components are included in the system known as the surge chamber?
What components are included in the system known as the surge chamber?
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What is the phenomenon called that results from the spontaneous vaporization of a fluid and can degrade pump performance?
What is the phenomenon called that results from the spontaneous vaporization of a fluid and can degrade pump performance?
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What device controls the speed of an engine automatically?
What device controls the speed of an engine automatically?
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What is the correct formula to relate EER and COP?
What is the correct formula to relate EER and COP?
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Which of the following refrigeration cycles is considered reversed?
Which of the following refrigeration cycles is considered reversed?
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If you supply 2000 kJ of heat to 100 kg of ice at 0˚C, how many kilograms of ice will melt? The heat of fusion is 335 kJ/kg.
If you supply 2000 kJ of heat to 100 kg of ice at 0˚C, how many kilograms of ice will melt? The heat of fusion is 335 kJ/kg.
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What quantity of latent heat is transferred when 5 kg of water freezes at 0˚C?
What quantity of latent heat is transferred when 5 kg of water freezes at 0˚C?
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How much water vapor will be produced when 10 kg of water at 60˚C receives 42,000 kJ of heat?
How much water vapor will be produced when 10 kg of water at 60˚C receives 42,000 kJ of heat?
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What happens to the enthalpy of a liquid as it changes phase to vapor?
What happens to the enthalpy of a liquid as it changes phase to vapor?
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Which process does not change the kinetic energy level of a substance?
Which process does not change the kinetic energy level of a substance?
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What is the process called that increases the dry-bulb temperature without changing the humidity ratio?
What is the process called that increases the dry-bulb temperature without changing the humidity ratio?
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Which process is defined as simultaneous cooling and decreasing the humidity ratio?
Which process is defined as simultaneous cooling and decreasing the humidity ratio?
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What is the term for the process of cooling without changing the humidity ratio?
What is the term for the process of cooling without changing the humidity ratio?
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Which refrigeration cycle is considered bulky and involves toxic fluids, making it unsuitable for home and auto cooling?
Which refrigeration cycle is considered bulky and involves toxic fluids, making it unsuitable for home and auto cooling?
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Which refrigeration cycle is practical when large quantities of waste or inexpensive heat energy are available?
Which refrigeration cycle is practical when large quantities of waste or inexpensive heat energy are available?
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What type of condensers is used in small and medium-sized refrigerators, typically up to approximately 100 tons?
What type of condensers is used in small and medium-sized refrigerators, typically up to approximately 100 tons?
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An evaporator in a refrigeration unit makes use of which heat transfer modes?
An evaporator in a refrigeration unit makes use of which heat transfer modes?
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What happens to the internal energy of the refrigerant vapor during the compression process?
What happens to the internal energy of the refrigerant vapor during the compression process?
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What material is indicated as a suitable option among others?
What material is indicated as a suitable option among others?
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How much stronger should a pressure vessel be compared to its design pressure?
How much stronger should a pressure vessel be compared to its design pressure?
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What is the maximum allowed set pressure change for seats and discs over a span of five years?
What is the maximum allowed set pressure change for seats and discs over a span of five years?
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What should the volume of liquid refrigerant not exceed when the temperature is at 90F?
What should the volume of liquid refrigerant not exceed when the temperature is at 90F?
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Which type of nozzle is specified to vent the discharge line to the atmosphere?
Which type of nozzle is specified to vent the discharge line to the atmosphere?
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In what type of power plant is fossil fuel converted into shaft work?
In what type of power plant is fossil fuel converted into shaft work?
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By what percentage does ultimate strength drop as steam temperature raises from 400 to 500 C for unalloyed steel?
By what percentage does ultimate strength drop as steam temperature raises from 400 to 500 C for unalloyed steel?
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What is the recent practice limit for steam temperature?
What is the recent practice limit for steam temperature?
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What does the pressure coefficient compare?
What does the pressure coefficient compare?
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What type of drag is caused primarily by skin friction?
What type of drag is caused primarily by skin friction?
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Which air is defined as lacking any water vapor?
Which air is defined as lacking any water vapor?
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At what temperature do the constant-enthalpy lines coincide with constant-temperature lines in a psychrometric chart?
At what temperature do the constant-enthalpy lines coincide with constant-temperature lines in a psychrometric chart?
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What factor does the amount of moisture in air primarily depend on?
What factor does the amount of moisture in air primarily depend on?
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Which instrument is used for continuous measurement of atmospheric humidity?
Which instrument is used for continuous measurement of atmospheric humidity?
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What does the direct cooling process follow on the psychrometric chart?
What does the direct cooling process follow on the psychrometric chart?
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What is the body temperature that is typically maintained constant in a healthy person?
What is the body temperature that is typically maintained constant in a healthy person?
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Study Notes
Power and Industrial Plant Engineering
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Familiarise the following elements:
- A vertical turbine pump with closed-coupled jump and motor, designed for underground installation (e.g., deep well pump). Different types of pumps are described: horizontal split-case, booster, submersible, and vertical shaft turbine pumps.
- Aquifer: A permeable underground formation yielding significant water quantities.
- Wet pit: A timber, concrete, or masonry enclosure with screened inlet, partially filled with water from a pond, lake, or stream.
- Ground water: Water in subsurface strata, available from wells.
- Impeller: Component rotating to impart velocity to the liquid through centrifugal force.
- Stuffing Box: The part that protects the shaft when it passes through the stuffing box.
- Casing: Part that surrounds the impeller
- Shaft Sleeve: Parts of the shaft.
- Saturation Ratio: The ratio of actual vapor density to the vapor density at saturation.
- Relative Humidity: The ratio of the actual vapor density/saturation vapor density at a given temperature
- Humidity Ratio: The ratio of the mass of water vapor in the air to the mass of dry air. Also known as specific humidity.
- Absolute humidity: Mass of water vapor in a given mass of dry air.
- Equivalent to 1lb: 7000 grains
- Bypass Factor: Large commercial unit factor. Around 10%.
- Various types of turbines: Impulse turbines, tangential turbines, reaction turbines, axial flow turbines, Francis turbines, radial flow turbines.
- Forbay: used for large commercial units, usually around 20% to 30%.
- Surge Chamber: a reservoir which reduces pressure swings in closed conduits.
- Penstock: A closed channel that leads water to a turbine.
- Powerhouse: A structure that encloses both the turbine and other related parts of the system
- Water Storage: Refers to the reservoir of water provided at the plant for regulation.
- Pondage: Regulation of water in the form of a relatively small pond or a reservoir.
- Spillway: Structure in a reservoir used to relieve the reservoir from excess water.
Other Topics
- Humidity Ratio: An expression for the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air.
- Condensing Temperature: The temperature at which a vapor condenses to a liquid, important for efficient operation which should not be lower than 5°C and should not be higher than 20°C.
- Sensible Heating: The process of increasing dry-bulb temperature without changing humidity ratio.
- Cooling and dehumidifying: The process of simultaneously cooling air and decreasing its humidity ratio.
- Sensible cooling: The process of cooling without changing the humidity ratio.
- Refrigerant types:
- Refrigerant R-22: One of the refrigerants commonly used in air conditioners.
- Refrigerants used for large systems: R-12, R-123, R-502
- Refrigerants used in replacement of R-11: R-12, R-123, R-502.
- Sensible heat of vapor: The heat required to change the temperature of a substance without a change in state.
- Latent heat of vaporization: The amount of heat required to change a substance from a liquid to a vapor without a change in temperature.
- Superheat: A measure of how much above its saturation temperature a given vapor is
- Refrigeration capacity: A unit of refrigeration representing a steady state of work or energy.
- Peak power: The highest possible power output during occasional operation.
- Intermittent rating: The peak power that can be produced on an occasional basis.
- Continuous duty rating: Refers to the maximum power.
- Brake power: The power output of a machine
- Indicated power: The power output of a machine accounting for friction losses as calculated by a tool.
- Hydraulic horsepower: The amount of continuous power output of a pump without friction and loss.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential concepts related to pumps and humidity. This quiz covers topics such as pump types, functions of components, and basic humidity measurements. Ideal for students and professionals in engineering and environmental sciences.
