Industrial Plant Engineering Elements Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of pump is designed to be installed underground and often used in deep wells?

  • Booster pump
  • Vertical shaft turbine pump
  • Horizontal split case pump
  • Submersible pump (correct)

    • What is an aquifer?

  • A structure for storing water
  • A type of well water
  • A source of surface water
  • An underground water-bearing formation (correct)

    • What component serves to provide velocity to the liquid due to centrifugal force?

  • Impeller (correct)
  • Stuffing box
  • Pump casing
  • Shaft sleeve

    • Which term describes the ratio of actual vapor density to vapor density at saturation?

    <p>Relative humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to define the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air?

    <p>Humidity ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which quantity is 1 lb equivalent?

    <p>7000 grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical bypass factor for large commercial units?

    <p>Around 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is sometimes referred to as specific humidity?

    <p>Humidity ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when the dry-bulb temperature increases without altering the humidity ratio?

    <p>Heating and dehumidifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes simultaneous cooling while reducing the humidity ratio?

    <p>Cooling and dehumidifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for cooling that does not affect the humidity ratio?

    <p>Sensible cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which refrigeration cycle is considered unsuited for home and auto cooling due to its bulk and toxic fluids?

    <p>Absorption cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which refrigeration cycle is most efficient when there is an abundance of waste or low-cost heat energy?

    <p>Scroll compressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of condenser is used in small to medium-sized refrigerators up to approximately 100 tons?

    <p>Air-cooled condensers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What heat transfer modes are utilized by an evaporator in a refrigeration unit?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a vapor's enthalpy when pressure increases?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the electricity generating units that operate to meet the constant or minimum load on the system?

    <p>Baseload plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term represents the effectiveness of a body as a thermal radiator at a specific temperature?

    <p>Emissivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components found in a combined cycle power plant?

    <p>Gas engine and waste heat boiler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the sizing of a steam reciprocating pump, what does the first digit in a three-digit number (e.g., 646) represent?

    <p>Inside diameter of the steam cylinder in inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the power required to deliver a certain quantity of fluid against a head without losses in the pump?

    <p>Hydraulic power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the effect of fluid viscosity in processing work?

    <p>Fluid friction increases useful work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law states that the entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero temperature?

    <p>Third law of thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air?

    <p>Humidity ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is provided to relieve the effects of rapid changes in flowrate when a forbay is not included in the design?

    <p>Surge chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum angle to keep the deflected jet out of the way of the incoming jet?

    <p>165 deg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NPSHR stand for in the context of pump operation?

    <p>Net Positive Suction Head Required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of throttling the input line to a pump and evacuating the receiving tank?

    <p>Both increase cavitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum pressure traditional reciprocating pumps can handle approximately?

    <p>2000 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an adiabatic saturation process, how is the final relative humidity affected?

    <p>Increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process commonly used for summer air conditioning?

    <p>Cooling and dehumidifying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adiabatic saturation process also referred to as?

    <p>Constant wet bulb temperature process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does relative humidity compare in the air?

    <p>The ratio of actual dew point to the potential saturation at dry-bulb temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about wet bulb temperature is false?

    <p>It lies between dew point and dry bulb temperature for saturated systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for heat that causes a change in temperature without changing the phase of a substance?

    <p>Sensible heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cleanliness factor related to in a heat transfer context?

    <p>The ratio of actual to ideal heat transfer coefficients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the maximum speed of a turbine without governing action?

    <p>Runaway speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of using gasoline as diesel fuel?

    <p>Adding lubrication oil worsens the problem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is turbocharging based on?

    <p>It is powered by exhaust gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which benefit is associated with hydroelectric plants?

    <p>They provide recreational opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Power and Industrial Plant Engineering Elements

    • Vertical Turbine Pump: A type of pump designed for underground installation, particularly in deep wells.
    • Aquifer: An underground geological formation capable of storing and transmitting significant quantities of groundwater.
    • Wet Pit: An enclosure made of timber, concrete or masonry partially filled with water. It usually has a screened inlet and is connected to an open body of water like a pond, lake, or stream.
    • Groundwater: Water found in underground formations (aquifers).
    • Impeller: A rotating component in a pump that imparts velocity to the liquid through centrifugal force.
    • Stuffing Box: A component used to throttle leakage at the point where the pump shaft enters the casing.
    • Shaft Sleeve: A protective component that shields the shaft from wear as it passes through the stuffing box.
    • Relative Humidity: The ratio of the actual vapor density of water in the air to the vapor density at saturation.
    • Humidity Ratio: An expression of the mass of water vapor per unit mass of dry air. It's also known as specific humidity.
    • Bypass Factor: A measure of the air that bypasses the cooling coil in an air conditioning system. For large commercial units, it's typically around 10%.
    • Surge Chamber: A component that mitigates the effects of rapid flow rate changes in a system where a forbay (a reservoir that feeds the water intake) is not part of the design.
    • NPSHR (Net Positive Suction Head Required): The minimum fluid energy needed at the pump inlet to ensure proper operation and prevent cavitation.
    • Cavitation: A phenomenon that occurs when the pressure of the liquid entering a pump falls below its vapor pressure, resulting in the formation of vapor bubbles that collapse violently, causing damage to the pump.
    • Reciprocating Pumps: Traditional pumps using pistons and rods. They can be single-acting or double-acting and typically handle pressures up to 2000 psi.
    • Sensible Heating: A heating process that increases the dry-bulb temperature of air without altering the humidity ratio.
    • Adiabatic Saturation Process: A thermodynamic process in which air is adiabatically saturated with water vapor, resulting in an increase in relative humidity. It's also known as the constant wet-bulb temperature process.
    • Cooling and Dehumidifying: A common air conditioning process used to remove heat and moisture from the air, especially during summer.
    • Condensing Temperature: The temperature at which refrigerant vapor is converted back to liquid in a refrigeration cycle. For efficient operation, it should be between 5°C and 17°C.
    • Chemical Dehumidifying: A process that combines heating and dehumidifying to remove moisture from the air.
    • Absorption Refrigeration Cycle: A type of refrigeration cycle that uses a liquid absorbent to capture refrigerant vapor, making it suitable for situations where large quantities of waste heat or inexpensive heat energy are available.
    • Air-Cooled Condensers: Condensers used in small to medium-sized refrigeration systems (up to 100 tons).
    • Superheat: The amount of energy added to a vapor above its saturation temperature.
    • Sublimation: The vaporization process that occurs below the triple point of a substance, directly from solid to gas.
    • Enthalpy: A thermodynamic property that represents the total energy of a system.
    • Baseload Plants: Power generating units designed to meet the constant or minimum load on the electrical system.
    • Emissivity: A measure of a body's effectiveness in radiating heat at a given temperature.
    • Combined Cycle Power Plant: A power plant that combines a gas turbine with a steam turbine to achieve higher efficiency. The gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate steam, which then drives the steam turbine.
    • Steam Reciprocating Pumps: Pumps powered by steam engines. They are typically sized using a three-digit number like 646, where the first digit represents the inside diameter of the steam cylinder in inches.
    • Hydraulic Power: The power required to move a specific amount of fluid against a certain head (pressure) without accounting for losses.
    • Viscosity: A measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.
    • Third Law of Thermodynamics: States that the entropy of all perfect crystalline solids is zero at absolute zero temperature.
    • Fanno Line: A line on a thermodynamic diagram (h-s) representing states with constant stagnation enthalpy and mass flux.
    • Relative Humidity: The percentage of water vapor in the air at a given temperature, as compared to the amount the air could hold if saturated at that temperature.
    • Wet Bulb Temperature: The temperature a body reaches when cooled by evaporation of water from its surface.
    • Sensible Heat: Heat added to or removed from a substance that causes a change in temperature, but not a change in state.
    • Cleanliness Factor: The ratio of the actual heat transfer coefficient to the ideal heat transfer coefficient, taking into account fouling.
    • Turndown Ratio: The ratio of the maximum mass steam flow rate to the minimum mass steam flow rate at which a desuperheater can accurately maintain a desired temperature.
    • Scavenging: The process of removing exhaust gases from a cylinder in an internal combustion engine before the next intake cycle.
    • Turbocharging: A form of supercharging where the exhaust gases drive a turbine that powers a supercharger, increasing engine power.
    • Runaway Speed: The maximum speed a turbine can reach if its governing system fails, resulting in uncontrolled operation.
    • Gasoline as Diesel Fuel: Using gasoline in a diesel engine is not recommended due to several issues, including:
      • Gasoline does not ignite readily in diesel conditions: It requires a different ignition mechanism.
      • Gasoline's low viscosity causes wear on fuel injection pumps: This can lead to mechanical failure.
      • Adding lubrication oil to gasoline worsens the situation: It can cause clogging and performance problems.
    • Advantages of Hydropower Plants:
      • Ancillary benefits: Hydropower plants can provide benefits beyond power generation, including irrigation, flood control, aquaculture, and navigation.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts in power and industrial plant engineering. This quiz covers elements such as vertical turbine pumps, aquifers, and groundwater. Perfect for students and professionals in the field!

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