Psychometrics and Scaling Methods Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which scaling method is based on obtaining a measure of absolute item difficulty for different age groups?

Method of Paired Comparisons

Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals

Likert Scale

Method of Absolute Scaling (correct)

What key aspect is crucial in the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals for ensuring its effectiveness?

Reliability and validity analyses (correct)

Ranking by experts

Using only positive statements

Contrasting with a criterion group

In which scaling method do respondents endorse stronger statements as a sign of endorsing milder ones?

Likert Scale

Guttman Scales (correct)

Method of Paired Comparisons

Method of Empirical Keying

Which scaling method consists of ordered responses on a continuum?

Likert Scale (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Method of Empirical Keying?

Selecting test items based on their contrast with a criterion group (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scaling methods requires test takers to compare pairs of stimuli?

Method of Paired Comparisons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does a larger standard deviation indicate in the context of the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals?

The item should be dropped (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which scaling method categorizes stimuli into two or more alternative categories based on quantitative differences?

Categorical Scaling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of test development?

Test Conceptualization (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which question is NOT a preliminary question a test developer should consider?

What marketing strategies can be implemented? (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of pilot work in test development?

To evaluate which items should be included in the final test (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the step of 'scaling' in test construction primarily involve?

Setting rules for assigning numbers in measurement (B) Signup and view all the answers

An emerging phenomenon in test conceptualization is used for what purpose?

To inform the objectives of the test (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is important to consider regarding the administration of a test?

The potential for harm resulting from the test's administration (C) Signup and view all the answers

The test revision stage focuses on which of the following processes?

Collecting feedback on the pilot study (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these aspects is NOT directly associated with test construction?

Conducting a focus group for branding (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential first step in test construction to ensure clarity in what is being assessed?

Define clearly what you want to measure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to test construction relies predominantly on data collection?

Empirical Approach (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of double-barreled items in test construction?

They convey two or more ideas simultaneously (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the bootstrap approach to test construction?

Combining rational and empirical methods (A) Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided when generating test items to maintain item quality?

Writing exceptionally long items (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the cumulative scoring model measure?

The number of items aligned with a key construct (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a test to be validated effectively?

20 participants to provide feedback for validation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which scoring model involves choosing between equally acceptable options?

Ipsative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the item analysis process?

Examining the quality of individual test items (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should the test tryout sample resemble?

People who are similar to the target population (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Item-Difficulty Index represent?

The proportion of test takers who answered correctly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary role of the Item-Discrimination Index?

To determine how well items differentiate between high and low scorers (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration during item analysis?

Test fatigue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a qualitative item analysis involve?

Comparing individual test items for effectiveness (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is test revision necessary?

To address changes in popular culture and norms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is cross-validation in the context of testing?

Re-validation of a test on a different sample of test takers (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does 'Think Aloud' test administration contribute to cognitive assessment?

It captures the respondents' thought processes in real time (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of test validities is co-validation concerned with?

Conducting validation on similar tests with a shared sample (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Test Development Lecture 5 - Psych Assessment

This lecture covers test development, a process encompassing five stages.
Objective: Students will be able to identify test development concepts, understand scientific test construction, and create test items using item analysis.

Stages of Test Development

Conceptualization: Initial stage; determining the test's purpose, target population, and measurement objectives. Includes preliminary research on the construct (emerging behavior pattern) to form a test prototype. Pilot work is the generalized term for this research. Items are evaluated to determine suitability for the final test.
Construction: Developing the test's format and questions. Various methods, such as rating scales, expert rankings, equal-appearing intervals, absolute scaling (based on age groups), and Likert scales, help establish the measurement criteria. Guttman scales, empirical keying, paired comparisons, and categorical scaling are also referenced as potential methods.
Tryout: The test is administered to a representative sample to evaluate its effectiveness and identify problematic areas. The sample should mirror the target population. The number of participants should be at least 20 per item.
Item Analysis: Evaluating individual items to assess quality and identify areas needing correction. Measures include calculating the difficulty index of items, their reliability index, and the discrimination between high and low scorers. Qualitative item analysis, examining item interaction, further evaluates them. Factors such as guessing, fairness, and speed tests are also considerations during analysis. 'Think Aloud' test administration, where respondents verbalize their thoughts during the process, might be employed. Expert panels assess these items for effectiveness for different populations, especially underserved ones.
Revision: Making refinements to the test based on previous results. Factors considered for revision may include outdated material, cultural changes, changes in norms (standards), validity (degree of accuracy), reliability (consistency), or theoretical adjustments. Revision may involve cross-validation on new populations or co-validation using the same sample. Quality assurance is crucial through mechanisms like Anchor Protocols—established by a high-authority scorer for standardized scoring processes. Also, identify and correct scoring discrepancies.
Considerations: Considerations regarding writing test items include determining content coverage, appropriate item formats, and number of items per content area. Clarity in measuring the intended concepts is important. Test items should avoid complexity, double-barreled ideas, and be appropriate for the intended test takers. Positively and negatively worded items should be mixed in.

Scoring Models:

Cumulative: Scores represent the number of items a person answers correctly or agrees with, reflecting the degree of the target construct.
Class/Category: Places individuals into specific categories for descriptions or predictions based on the results.
Ipsative: Individuals choose between equally socially acceptable alternatives, emphasizing comparisons rather than absolute scores.

Assignment

Construct various test types. -Five-item binary scale for motivation -Five-item Likert scale for selfishness -Five-item semantic differential scale for COVID-19 response attitude toward the Philippine government -Five-item Guttman scale for attitude toward depression

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various scaling methods used in psychometrics. This quiz covers key concepts, functions, and procedures involved in test and measurement development. Challenge yourself with questions about item difficulty, response scaling, and test development stages.