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Questions and Answers
What is measured by test-retest reliability?
What is measured by test-retest reliability?
- The average performance of individuals on a single test
- The correlation between two scores from different individuals
- The variation in test scores among a group of individuals
- The consistency of the same person's scores on two occasions (correct)
What is the recommended interval for conducting a test-retest to ensure reliability?
What is the recommended interval for conducting a test-retest to ensure reliability?
- Exactly 3 months
- Usually 1 week
- At least 1 month
- No more than 6 months (correct)
What does the coefficient of equivalence assess?
What does the coefficient of equivalence assess?
- The correlation of scores from two different individuals
- The reliability of a single test
- The variation in scores across different testing conditions
- The reliability between two equivalent forms of a test (correct)
Which of the following formulas is used to adjust the half-test reliability correlation coefficient?
Which of the following formulas is used to adjust the half-test reliability correlation coefficient?
What does internal consistency reliability evaluate?
What does internal consistency reliability evaluate?
In parallel-forms reliability, what is necessary for the two test forms?
In parallel-forms reliability, what is necessary for the two test forms?
Split-half reliability provides insight into which aspect of reliability?
Split-half reliability provides insight into which aspect of reliability?
What is the primary focus of alternate-forms reliability?
What is the primary focus of alternate-forms reliability?
What formula is recommended when the standard deviations of the half-tests are not the same?
What formula is recommended when the standard deviations of the half-tests are not the same?
Which reliability method is most commonly used when there is a right or wrong answer?
Which reliability method is most commonly used when there is a right or wrong answer?
Which formula does not require real equivalency of both halves?
Which formula does not require real equivalency of both halves?
What is the impact of higher homogeneity of the behavioral domain on inter-item consistency?
What is the impact of higher homogeneity of the behavioral domain on inter-item consistency?
What type of reliability approach is expressed with Cohen's Kappa?
What type of reliability approach is expressed with Cohen's Kappa?
When should test-retest or alternate forms be used?
When should test-retest or alternate forms be used?
Which statement about a restricted range in reliability is accurate?
Which statement about a restricted range in reliability is accurate?
What does the Coefficient Alpha measure in assessment tools?
What does the Coefficient Alpha measure in assessment tools?
Which type of measurement error is characterized by predictable fluctuations?
Which type of measurement error is characterized by predictable fluctuations?
In Classical Test Theory, which formula represents the relationship between obtained score, true variance, and measurement error?
In Classical Test Theory, which formula represents the relationship between obtained score, true variance, and measurement error?
What does the concept of reliability refer to in the context of test scores?
What does the concept of reliability refer to in the context of test scores?
Which factor contributes to error variance in test scores?
Which factor contributes to error variance in test scores?
What is the primary purpose of a reliability coefficient in psychological testing?
What is the primary purpose of a reliability coefficient in psychological testing?
In which reliability type are identical tests administered twice to assess score stability?
In which reliability type are identical tests administered twice to assess score stability?
What does the standard error of measurement assess in terms of reliability?
What does the standard error of measurement assess in terms of reliability?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered an intrinsic source of measurement error?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered an intrinsic source of measurement error?
Study Notes
Reliability
- Reliability describes the consistency and freedom from measurement errors in test scores.
- Measurement error refers to any fluctuations in scores that occur due to factors other than the actual trait being measured.
Sources of Measurement Error
- Intrinsic Error Variance: Errors arising from the test itself, such as poor test construction or inappropriate item selection.
- Extrinsic Error Variance: Errors that occur outside the test, such as variations in test administration, test-taker variables (e.g., mood, motivation), or examiner influence.
Classical Test Theory
- Also known as the theory of true and error scores.
- The theory suggests that test scores are a combination of true variance (the actual trait being measured) and error variance (random fluctuations).
- Formula: X = T + e (Obtained Score = True Variance + Error)
Methods of Estimating Reliability
- Reliability Coefficient: A correlation coefficient that measures the consistency between two sets of scores.
- Standard Error of Measurement: A measure of the estimated deviation of obtained scores from the true score.
Types of Reliability
- Temporal Stability: How consistent test scores are over time.
- Test-Retest Reliability: Measures the correlation between scores on the same test administered on two different occasions.
- Alternate-Forms Reliability: Measures the correlation between scores on two different versions of the same test.
- Internal Consistency: Measures the consistency of items within the test.
- Split-Half Reliability: Divides the test into two halves and measures the correlation between the scores on each half.
- Kuder-Richardson (KR20) and Alpha Coefficient: Measures the inter-item consistency within a test. Used when there are right or wrong answers (KR20) or when there are no right or wrong answers (Alpha).
- Inter-Scorer/Inter-Rater Reliability: Measures the consistency of scoring between different raters or scorers, particularly for tests with subjective scoring.
Factors Affecting Reliability
- Homogeneity: The extent to which test items measure the same construct. Higher homogeneity generally leads to higher reliability.
- Heterogeneity: The extent to which test items measure different constructs. Lower homogeneity leads to lower reliability.
- Dynamic vs. Static Traits: Dynamic traits (e.g., mood) are more susceptible to change over time, requiring different types of reliability measures (e.g., internal consistency). Static traits (e.g., intelligence), which are less variable, are more suitable for measures of temporal stability.
- Restricted Range: A narrow range of scores can lead to lower reliability as the variability in scores is limited.
- Inflated Range: A wider range of scores can lead to higher reliability as there is more potential for variability.
Interpreting Reliability Coefficients
- Higher reliability coefficients (closer to 1.0) indicate greater consistency and less error.
- The acceptable range of reliability depends on the purpose of the test (research, clinical use) and the type of reliability assessed.
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of reliability in psychometrics, focusing on measurement errors and their sources. Understand intrinsic and extrinsic error variances and the Classical Test Theory that explains how true scores and error scores interact. Test your knowledge on estimating reliability coefficients and their significance.
