Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does behaviorism prioritize in understanding human actions?
What does behaviorism prioritize in understanding human actions?
Which component of the psyche is responsible for moral judgments?
Which component of the psyche is responsible for moral judgments?
In the context of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
In the context of classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
What is repression in psychological defense mechanisms?
What is repression in psychological defense mechanisms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which method does operant conditioning primarily focus on for modifying behavior?
Which method does operant conditioning primarily focus on for modifying behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which defense mechanism involves blaming others for one's own insecurities?
Which defense mechanism involves blaming others for one's own insecurities?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is associated with the development of psychoanalysis?
Who is associated with the development of psychoanalysis?
Signup and view all the answers
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is considered basic and essential for survival?
In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which need is considered basic and essential for survival?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key concept of free association in psychoanalysis?
What is the key concept of free association in psychoanalysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for storing information as long-term memory?
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for storing information as long-term memory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main idea behind the Fundamental Attribution Error?
What is the main idea behind the Fundamental Attribution Error?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychological phenomenon describes when individuals feel less responsible for their actions when anonymous?
What psychological phenomenon describes when individuals feel less responsible for their actions when anonymous?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly represents the Big 5 Personality Traits?
Which of the following correctly represents the Big 5 Personality Traits?
Signup and view all the answers
What concept does Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment primarily illustrate?
What concept does Albert Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment primarily illustrate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes the ability of the brain to adapt and change, even after injury?
Which term describes the ability of the brain to adapt and change, even after injury?
Signup and view all the answers
Which lobe of the brain is specifically responsible for analyzing sound to make sense of speech?
Which lobe of the brain is specifically responsible for analyzing sound to make sense of speech?
Signup and view all the answers
During which stage of development does infancy occur?
During which stage of development does infancy occur?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes environmental factors that contribute to an individual's characteristics, aside from genetic inheritance?
What term describes environmental factors that contribute to an individual's characteristics, aside from genetic inheritance?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Walter Mischel's Marshmallow Experiment illustrate about self-control?
What did Walter Mischel's Marshmallow Experiment illustrate about self-control?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Schools of Thought in Psychology
- Psychoanalysis: A treatment approach emphasizing how past experiences shape present behavior.
- Behaviorism: Focuses on observable behaviors, not mental processes.
- Humanism: Understanding the individual as a whole to grasp their mind.
- Cognitive: Understanding the mind by studying the brain.
Freudian Concepts
- Id: Driven by instincts and pleasure.
- Ego: Concerned with rational and realistic thinking.
- Superego: Guides morality and right/wrong.
- Conscious Mind: What we are aware of.
- Unconscious Mind: Thoughts and feelings outside of our awareness.
Defense Mechanisms
- Repression: Forgetting painful memories.
- Denial: Refusing to acknowledge reality.
- Displacement: Shifting emotions from one target to another.
- Regression: Reverting to earlier developmental stages under stress.
- Projection: Attributing one's own undesirable traits to others.
- Rationalization: Justifying actions with seemingly logical reasons.
- Reaction Formation: Expressing the opposite of true feelings.
Psychoanalytic Techniques and Figures
- Free Association: Unrestricted expression of thoughts to uncover unconscious material.
- Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis.
- Carl Jung: Collaborated with Freud, researched the unconscious mind and dreams.
- Ivan Pavlov: Observed classical conditioning in dogs.
Learning Theories
-
Classical Conditioning: Learning through association (e.g., Pavlov's dogs).
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Naturally triggers a response.
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): Natural response to the UCS.
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): Previously neutral stimulus, after association, triggers a response.
- Conditioned Response (CR): Learned response to the CS.
-
Operant Conditioning: Learning through consequences (rewards and punishments).
- Positive Reinforcement: Adding a desirable stimulus to increase desired behavior.
- Negative Reinforcement: Removing an undesirable stimulus to increase desired behavior.
- Punishment: Decreasing unwanted behavior by adding or removing stimuli.
- B.F. Skinner: Pioneer of operant conditioning.
Humanistic Psychology
- Humanism: Emphasizes the whole person to understand the mind.
- Abraham Maslow: Studied self-actualization.
-
Hierarchy of Needs:
- Basic needs: Physiological (food, water) and safety (security).
- Psychological needs: Belonging, love, and esteem.
- Self-fulfillment needs: Self-actualization (reaching full potential).
- Client-Centered Therapy: Creates a warm, non-judgmental environment for open discussion.
Social-Cognitive Learning
- Albert Bandura: Emphasized observational learning.
- Bobo Doll Experiment: Demonstrated imitation of aggressive behavior.
Cognitive Psychology and Memory
- Elizabeth Loftus: Studied memory, including false memories.
- False Memories: Memories that may not be entirely accurate.
- Prefrontal Lobe: Important for decision-making, planning, and impulse control.
- Prefrontal Cortex: Higher-level cognitive functions: judgment, planning, organization.
- Temporal Lobe: Processes sound, important for language comprehension (left side).
- Hippocampus: Essential for forming long-term memories.
- Corpus Callosum: Connects the two brain hemispheres.
- Amygdala: Involved in emotional responses, particularly fear and anger.
- Phineas Gage: Case study illustrating brain damage's profound effect on personality/behavior.
- Neuroplasticity: The brain's ability to change and adapt.
- Hypothalamus: Controls numerous bodily functions, including hormone production, body temperature, hunger, mood.
Personality and Development
- Big 5 Personality Traits: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion.
- Edith Experiment: Unlikely to be valid study to determine genius via early childhood development.
- Stages of Development: Infancy, Toddlerhood, Adolescence.
Multiple Intelligences
- Gardner's Multiple Intelligences: Recognizes various kinds of intelligence besides just verbal and logical/mathematical.
Nature vs. Nurture
- Nature: Innate characteristics inherited through genes.
- Nurture: Environmental factors shaping development.
Social Psychology
- Deindividuation: Reduced sense of individuality in groups.
- Fundamental Attribution Error: Attributing behavior to internal factors rather than situational ones.
- Bystander Effect: Reduced likelihood of helping others in groups.
- Zimbardo Prison Experiment: Demonstrated influence of situational factors on behavior in a simulated prison environment.
- Hereditary: Nature (genes).
- Genetic: Characteristics passed down from parents (e.g., eye color).
- Cognitive Dissonance: Tension arising from conflicting beliefs and actions.
- Walter Mischel's Marshmallow Experiment: Implicated delayed gratification (self-control) as a predictor of success.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the major schools of thought in psychology, including psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, and cognitive psychology. Dive deep into Freudian concepts such as the id, ego, and superego, alongside an understanding of key defense mechanisms. This quiz will test your knowledge on how these theories shape our understanding of human behavior.
