Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does Smith suggest research is often linked to?
What does Smith suggest research is often linked to?
Intersectionality refers to the interactions between multiple forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism.
Intersectionality refers to the interactions between multiple forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism.
True
What is the main difference between deductive and inductive research?
What is the main difference between deductive and inductive research?
Deductive research tests theories, while inductive research builds theories from observations.
The __________ theory focuses on power dynamics and systemic inequalities.
The __________ theory focuses on power dynamics and systemic inequalities.
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Match the following research aspects with their definitions:
Match the following research aspects with their definitions:
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What type of research question is best described by 'Does income level predict education level?'
What type of research question is best described by 'Does income level predict education level?'
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A random sample is always guaranteed to be a representative sample.
A random sample is always guaranteed to be a representative sample.
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What is the primary focus of positivism in research?
What is the primary focus of positivism in research?
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A sample selected using a __________ process is known as a random sample.
A sample selected using a __________ process is known as a random sample.
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Match the following sampling types with their definitions:
Match the following sampling types with their definitions:
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Which of the following best defines qualitative research?
Which of the following best defines qualitative research?
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Causation can be established without demonstrating a statistical relationship.
Causation can be established without demonstrating a statistical relationship.
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What is the main distinction between idiographic and nomothetic explanations?
What is the main distinction between idiographic and nomothetic explanations?
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Sampling error occurs when the sample fails to accurately represent the population, potentially leading to __________.
Sampling error occurs when the sample fails to accurately represent the population, potentially leading to __________.
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Match the following research methodologies with their definitions:
Match the following research methodologies with their definitions:
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Which of the following best describes the relationship between theory and research?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between theory and research?
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Pseudoscience consists of ideas that can be challenged over time with new evidence.
Pseudoscience consists of ideas that can be challenged over time with new evidence.
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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative research?
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A __________ sampling method involves selecting participants based on their accessibility or availability.
A __________ sampling method involves selecting participants based on their accessibility or availability.
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Match the following research methods to their descriptions:
Match the following research methods to their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Social Class Measurement
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An index measuring social class is highly correlated with an established measure. This confirms the validity of the new measure.
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The index incorporates education and income, both considered key components of social class. This indicates the index's construct validity.
Self-Esteem Measurement
- Three variables measuring aspects of self-esteem exhibit high correlation. This suggests that these variables are measuring a unified concept of self-esteem.
Participant Consent
- Participant consent should be obtained before participation in a research study.
Research Ethics Considerations
- Researchers should consider ethical implications throughout the entire research process.
Research Study Types
- A study collecting observations at a single point in time is a cross-sectional study.
Research Question Type
- "Does income level predict education level?" is a correlational research question.
Positivism vs. Interpretivism
- Positivism focuses on observable phenomena and seeks to identify causal relationships, while interpretivism emphasizes understanding meaning and interpretations of the social world.
Theory-Driven Research
- Research that proceeds from theory to data is deductive research.
Quantitative Research Criticism
- A criticism of quantitative research is its potential for overlooking contextual factors or subjective experiences.
Random Sampling
- A sample selected randomly is called a probability sample.
Representative Sampling
- Harpreet aims to create a representative sample. This is achieved by employing sampling methods that reflect proportions of categories in the population. A representative sample closely mirrors the characteristics of the broader population.
Social Construction
- Constructionists assume the social world is socially constructed, not inherent in nature.
Snowball Sampling
- Snowball sampling uses social capital from a small group to expand the research sample. This method is non-probability based.
Missing Data in Quantitative Research
- Missing data in a quantitative study of criminal victimization will affect the study's generalizability and create bias if not handled appropriately.
Qualitative Research Evaluation
- Sharon's meticulous record-keeping of her qualitative research process aligns with the credibility criterion for evaluating qualitative research.
Theory Definition
- A theory is an abstract system of concepts and their relationships that helps explain a phenomenon.
Science vs. Pseudoscience
- Science involves ideas that can be challenged using new evidence, while pseudoscience consists of claims that are presented as scientific but aren't compatible with the scientific method and lack rigorous testing. Pseudoscience often uses contradictory, exaggerated, or unfalsifiable claims.
Tentative Nature of Knowledge
- Knowledge is not absolute and evolves with new information.
Western Knowledge Appropriation
- Research is often deeply integrated with colonial frameworks. These frameworks prioritize Western ideas over other perspectives and can result in the appropriation or exploitation of non-Western knowledge.
General Research Questions
- General research questions guide a study. Quantitative research questions frequently focus on identifying patterns and relationships within populations. Qualitative research questions often address rich understanding of contexts and lived experiences.
Deductive vs. Inductive Research
- Deductive reasoning begins with broader theories; researchers deduce specific hypotheses. Inductive reasoning begins with observations and forms theories.
Epistemology and Ontology
- Epistemology examines how one acquires knowledge, while ontology studies the nature of reality.
Critical Perspectives in Social Science
- Critical perspectives are analyses that challenge conventional ideas to expose power dynamics, oppression, and systemic inequalities.
Feminist Research
- Feminist research often centers on situated knowledges and intersectionality to critique the universality of knowledge claims, acknowledging that knowledge is influenced by perspective.
Methodology vs. Method
- Methodology is the overall framework or strategy for research, while methods are the specific techniques used for data collection and analysis. Lack of alignment between methodology and methods can lead to flawed research and inaccurate conclusions.
Probability Sampling
- Probability sampling techniques, such as simple random sampling, ensure every member of the population has an equal chance of selection.
Non-Probability Sampling
- Non-probability sampling does not randomly select participants. Methods, like convenience sampling, lack generalizability.
Generalizability
- Generalizability refers to the extent a research finding applies to a larger population. Sampling error, bias, and non-response can limit generalizability.
Causality
- Causality examines the direct effect of one variable on another. Establishing causality often requires robust research methods to account for other factors.
Positivism
- Positivism utilizes methods from natural sciences to study social phenomena, suggesting objective reality exists.
Interpretivism
- Interpretivism focuses on subjective interpretations of individuals and social contexts.
Nomothetic vs. Idiographic Explanations
- Nomothetic explanations seek general patterns between variables, useful in quantitative research. Idiographic explanations explore the particularities of a specific case, a common approach in qualitative studies.
Reliability and Validity
- Reliability indicates the consistency of measurement, while validity ensures methods appropriately measure what they intend to. Both are crucial for sound and replicable research.
Operationalization
- Operationalization involves translating abstract concepts into measurable variables, facilitating empirical testing and establishing clear definitions in a research project.
Correlation vs. Causation
- Correlation indicates relationship, while causality identifies a direct effect between variables. Numerous factors could influence relationship and researchers need to consider various potential explanations.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in psychology research methods, including social class measurement, self-esteem measurement, participant consent, and research ethics. It also explores different types of research studies and question formulations. Enhance your understanding of these critical concepts in research methodology.
