Research Methods Quiz

A type of test specifically designed to assess individuals from a particular culture, potentially leading to inaccurate results when used with people from different backgrounds.

A method of personality assessment where individuals provide information about themselves through answering questions, keeping diaries, or tracking their thoughts or behaviors.

A type of psychological test that presents people with ambiguous stimuli, assuming they will project their own unique thoughts, feelings, and motivations onto the stimuli.

A widely accepted set of principles that guide the ethical conduct of professionals in their field.

The level of care expected from an average, reasonable, and prudent professional in providing services within similar circumstances.

Rules that everyone in a society must follow for the overall benefit of the community.

A branch of philosophy that deals with principles of right and wrong conduct.

The term used to describe a set of questions designed to gather information, often disguised to avoid revealing the true purpose of the assessment.

A variable whose values can take on any value within a given range, such as height, weight, or time.

A sampling method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

A sampling method where every nth element in the population is selected.

A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (strata), and a random sample is drawn from each stratum.

A sampling method where the population is divided into clusters, and a random sample of clusters is selected.

A data classification that categorizes items or subjects based on qualitative attributes, with no inherent order.

A data classification that allows ranking or ordering of objects or observations, but does not provide information on the magnitude of differences between them.

A data classification that allows for the measurement of the degree of difference between observations, with equal units of measurement but an arbitrary zero point.

A way in which one person differs from another in a relatively enduring way.

A temporary characteristic that distinguishes one person from another.

A specific, scientifically constructed concept used to describe or explain behavior.

An observable action or the result of an observable action, including test-related responses.

The average squared difference between each score and the mean score.

The square root of the variance, putting the standard deviation back into the original measurement units.

The difference between the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile.

The sum of squared differences of scores from the mean.

A type of error in measurement that consistently affects the measured value in the same direction. Imagine a scale that always reads 2 pounds heavier - that's systematic error.

A measure of how consistent the results of a test are over time. It's calculated by administering the same test twice and comparing the scores.

A method to estimate reliability by dividing a test into two halves and correlating the scores on those halves. This helps assess internal consistency.

A way to estimate reliability by assessing how well items on a test measure the same underlying construct (or factor). This is often used for scales or questionnaires.

The extent to which items on a test or scale are focused on a single underlying construct (or factor). This is a measure of internal consistency.

The degree to which a test measures different factors or constructs. This is the opposite of homogeneity.

A widely used formula for calculating inter-item consistency reliability. It's particularly useful for tests with dichotomous items (e.g., true/false, yes/no).

A formula used to estimate the reliability of a test based on the correlation between two halves of the test. Often used for split-half reliability.

A method of measuring reliability that involves calculating the correlation between scores obtained by two or more raters or scorers on the same test.

The degree of agreement or consistency between two or more scorers regarding a particular measure. Often used in the context of subjective assessment.

A statistical model that attempts to estimate the true score of an individual on a test by considering the influence of random error.

A framework within which psychometric properties of tests are assessed.

A theory that focuses on understanding the sources of variability within a test score, particularly the contribution of specific traits versus random factors.

A form of validity that evaluates how well a test measures what it purports to measure in real-world settings.

A type of validity that depends on the test's appearance to measure what it intends to. Essentially, it's whether the test looks like it measures what it's supposed to.

A method of judging the worth or usefulness of a measurement tool by comparing the costs involved in using it to the benefits gained.

The practice of assigning ratings based on a relative scale, comparing individuals against each other instead of absolute standards.

A type of rating error where the assessor tends to favor one end of the rating scale, either being overly lenient or overly harsh.

A type of rating error where the assessor consistently gives more favorable ratings than they should.

A reference point used to classify data, often numerical, that divides a set of scores into categories, with specific actions or inferences based on the category.

The tendency of an assessor to give consistently lower ratings than are deserved.

The disadvantages, losses, or expenses associated with using measurement tools, in both economic and non-economic terms.

The profits, gains, or advantages resulting from using a measurement tool, in both economic and non-economic terms.