Psychology Chapter on Memory Types

A learning process where consequences of a behavior influence its future probability.

Another name for operant conditioning.

An experiment illustrating how consequences affect animal behavior, leading to gradual learning.

Unconscious memory, recalling skills or conditioned responses.

Conscious memory, recalling specific facts and events.

Memory for facts and events; often lost in amnesia.

Memory for skills and actions.

Partial or total loss of memory.

Different types of memory use different parts of the brain.

Consciously accessible memory, including facts and events.

Unconscious memory, including skills and habits.

Memory for facts and events – consciously recalled.

Memory for skills and procedures – unconsciously recalled.

Briefly holds information, typically for a few minutes; involves the frontal lobes.

Stores information indefinitely, potentially for a lifetime; involves the temporal lobe.

Autobiographical memory of events tied to specific times and places.

Inability to recall personal experiences; often linked to frontal lobe damage.

Different ways we sense the world (e.g., sight, sound).

Learning through association; a form of implicit memory.

Learning through consequences; a form of implicit memory.

Consciously recalled memories of facts and events.

Memory of personally experienced events.

General knowledge and facts about the world.

Brain structure crucial for spatial memory.

Memory related to locations and environments.

Unconscious memories of skills and habits.

The brain region involved in classical conditioning.

Structure for perceptual/motor learning and memory.

Brain region for emotional memory.

Memory associated with feelings or emotions.

Different areas of brain that are more active during encoding vs retrieval of memories

Plays a role in face recognition, spatial positions, and maze learning.

Plays a role in recalling word lists and nonspatial associations.

Play a crucial role in visual memory and spatial awareness.

Inability to form new memories after a specific event or illness.

Inability to access old memories before an event or illness.

Loss of memory from early childhood.

Memory loss, including lack of knowledge of one's past life. Usually temporary.

Most forgetting occurs shortly after learning.

Memory not processed properly for storage.

Memory fading over time without use or rehearsal.

Other information disrupting memory retrieval.

Inability to access stored memories, despite knowing they exist.

Unconsciously pushing unwanted memories from awareness.

The process of forming a memory code; turning information into a form that can be stored in memory.

Maintaining encoded information in memory over time.

The process of recovering information from memory stores.

Focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events.

Ability to focus on specific information while ignoring other information.

The idea that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes.

A shallow level of processing that emphasizes the physical structure of a stimulus

A level of processing that emphasizes the sound of a stimulus.

A deep level of processing that emphasizes the meaning of a stimulus.

Linking stimulus to other information at the time of encoding.

Creating mental images to represent words to improve memory.

Remembering events that involve us increases retention.

Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time.

Entry points for raw information from the senses.

A temporary memory system that holds a limited amount of information for a brief period (about 20 seconds), allowing for processing and rehearsal. It holds information that can be rehearsed in 1.5-2 seconds.

Organizing information into meaningful units to improve short-term memory capacity.

A nearly limitless memory system capable of storing information over extended periods.

Organizing information in LTM by grouping related concepts.

Organized clusters of knowledge about events or objects based on past experiences.

Interconnected nodes representing concepts, with pathways linking related ideas.

A stimulus or piece of information that helps access stored memories.

Environmental or situational factors that aid memory retrieval.

A temporary memory system (short-term) responsible for actively manipulating and processing information.

Component of WM that controls attention, manages cognitive processes, and directs information flow.

WM component that deals with verbal and auditory information, including speech processing.

WM component for manipulating visual and spatial information.

WM component that integrates information from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and LTM in WM.

A phenomenon where a person's memory for an event is altered by misleading post-event information, even with prior warnings

Process of determining the origins of memories.

Error that occurs when a person misidentifies the origins of a memory.