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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of stress?
What is the term for the threatening or challenging event that triggers a stress response?
According to Richard Lazarus' theory, what is the primary determinant of stress?
What is the primary purpose of primary appraisal?
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What is the category of secondary appraisal that focuses on what damage has already been caused?
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What is a key factor that makes the human stress response more complex?
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Study Notes
Stress Definition
- Stress is a process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges.
Stressor and Stress Reaction
- A stressor is a threatening or challenging event (e.g., the puppy dog's teeth).
- A stress reaction is the physical and emotional response to the stressor (e.g., the bunny's response).
Richard Lazarus' Theory
- Stress arises less from actual events and more from our assessment of those events.
- Cognitive appraisal of stress involves two stages: primary and secondary appraisal.
Primary Appraisal
- Initial evaluation that focuses on the threat in the present situation.
- Three categories of response to primary appraisal:
- Irrelevant: the perceived threat is not important or affecting the individual.
- Benign or positive: the threat is seen as beneficial or harmless.
- Stressful: the threat is seen as potentially harmful or challenging.
Secondary Appraisal
- Evaluation of the individual's ability to cope with the situation.
- Three categories of secondary appraisal:
- Harm: what damage has already been caused?
- Threat: what future damage could be caused?
- Challenge: how can the situation be overcome or conquered?
Human Stress Response
- Humans have a higher level of cognitive functioning, allowing them to anticipate stressors.
- This ability makes the triggering, duration, and response to stress more complex.
Stress Definition
- Stress is a process of appraising and coping with environmental threats and challenges.
Stressor and Stress Reaction
- Stressors are threatening or challenging events, such as the puppy dog's teeth.
- Stress reactions are physical and emotional responses to stressors, like the bunny's response.
Richard Lazarus' Theory
- Stress arises more from our assessment of events than the events themselves.
- Cognitive appraisal of stress involves two stages: primary and secondary appraisal.
Primary Appraisal
- Primary appraisal is the initial evaluation of the threat in the present situation.
- There are three categories of response to primary appraisal:
- Irrelevant: the perceived threat is not important or affecting the individual.
- Benign or positive: the threat is seen as beneficial or harmless.
- Stressful: the threat is seen as potentially harmful or challenging.
Secondary Appraisal
- Secondary appraisal is the evaluation of the individual's ability to cope with the situation.
- There are three categories of secondary appraisal:
- Harm: what damage has already been caused?
- Threat: what future damage could be caused?
- Challenge: how can the situation be overcome or conquered?
Human Stress Response
- Humans have a higher level of cognitive functioning, enabling them to anticipate stressors.
- This ability makes the triggering, duration, and response to stress more complex.
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Description
Understand the psychology of stress and coping, including stressors, stress reactions, and Richard Lazarus' theory of cognitive appraisal.
