Psychology Motivation Theories

<p>Chronic sleep deprivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Responses to food advertisements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instinct Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivating behaviors to reduce physiological drives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An internal state of balance related to physiological needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They desire more stimulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive drive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create tension that drives behavior towards homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reach an optimum level of arousal when stimulation is low (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belongingness and love Needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set Point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lack of glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-actualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belonging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulating appetite hormones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not require prior learning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is driven by the enjoyment of the task itself. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological Needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The need ceases to be important. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is best for ensuring persistent behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predictability and stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the role of negative reinforcement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gratification approaches are biologically inherited. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require a learning history. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include emotional and social aspects of fulfillment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain signals that they are still hungry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social interactions with friends. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eating preferences and quantities consumed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers overproduction of ghrelin, an appetite stimulant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal metabolic rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People aim to achieve an ideal level of stimulation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instinct Theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instincts like sexual and aggressive drives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role of physiological needs leading to action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They balance internal states by responding to physiological changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors are responses to meet physiological needs to achieve balance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimum arousal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>External incentives and rewards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belongingness and love needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases hunger and increases metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fifth level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ghrelin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Esteem needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To monitor appetite and regulate hunger hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set point theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Leptin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finding meaning beyond oneself (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary reinforcers do not require prior learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cease to be important. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Belonging and love (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It produces sustained behavior over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physiological needs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is driven by the activity itself. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learned reinforcers are often dependent on prior experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both psychological and physiological problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require no prior experience. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It highlights the importance of pain avoidance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior, propelling us to act in specific ways.

Motivation is driven by internal, biological factors; unlearned behavior with innate origins.

Motivation arises from an imbalance in physiological need, creating a tension state that drives behavior to restore balance.

Maintaining a balanced internal state; a constant chemical/physiological state.

People seek an ideal level of stimulation; too little or too much stimulation leads to seeking the balance.

Motivation comes from sexual and aggressive drives, shaping mental activity.

A state of tension or arousal from unmet need, that motivates behaviour.

Different perspectives on what drives our actions.

The idea that your body has a preferred weight range, maintained by regulating factors like hunger and metabolism, and not solely determined by biology.

The minimal amount of energy your body uses at rest to maintain basic functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Cultural factors impacting eating preferences, such as portion sizes (e.g., super-sized portions) and ideal body image standards.

Mental states like stress, mood, observing appealing food, or a variety of choices can influence hunger and eating behaviors.

Obesity stems from a combination of factors: genetics, metabolic rate, and psychological influences where calorie intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Behaviors are motivated by rewards (positive reinforcers) and avoiding punishment.

Reinforcers that don't need prior learning to motivate, like hunger and thirst.

This type of reinforcement leads to consistent and lasting behaviors.

Motivation coming from within, tasks rewarding in themselves.

Human behavior driven by a ranked order of needs (e.g., physiological first).

Theory stating that human behavior is motivated by fulfilling needs in a specific order.

Basic needs for survival (e.g., food, water).

Needs for security, stability, and order.

Maslow's hierarchy categorized Needs.

Once a need is met, it ceases to be a primary motivator.

The need to feel loved, accepted, and part of a group; avoiding loneliness and alienation.

The need for self-respect, achievement, competence, and recognition from others.

The need to reach one's full potential and live a fulfilling life.

The need to find meaning and purpose beyond oneself.

Brain region directing and monitoring appetite hormones and hunger signals.

Low glucose levels signal hunger to the body.

Hormones like Insulin, Leptin, Orexin, Ghrelin, and PYY that regulate hunger.

Maintaining a stable energy balance by eating to replenish fuel.

An individual's natural weight range, regulated by various factors and serving as a baseline.

The "I'm full" hormone, signaling a need to stop eating.

A theory that proposes human needs are arranged in a pyramid, with basic needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top. We strive to fulfill needs in progressive order.

Desire to feel loved, accepted, and part of a group. Includes the need for affection and social connection.

Brain region controlling appetite and hunger. It monitors hunger signals and regulates appetite hormones.

Rewards used to increase the likelihood of a behavior. They motivate someone to act in a specific way by providing something enjoyable or desirable.

Rewards that are naturally appealing and don't require previous learning. They meet basic needs like hunger or thirst.

Maslow's theory that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization needs.

To reach self-actualization, a state of fulfilling your full potential and living a meaningful life.

A weight range the body naturally tries to maintain, influenced by factors beyond biology like eating habits and activity levels.

Obesity occurs when we consistently eat more calories than we burn, leading to excess energy stored as fat. This can be influenced by genetics, metabolism, and psychological factors.

Factors like sleep loss, social influences, and a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to weight gain. For example, friends' weight can influence your own.

Cultural norms and preferences influence how much we eat, what we consider healthy, and our ideal body image.

Motivation is a force that energizes and directs our behaviour, stemming from a need or desire. It's what pushes us to act in particular ways and is experienced as a conscious desire.

Drive Reduction Theory explains motivation as a process of reducing internal tension caused by unmet needs. We're motivated to act to restore balance by satisfying those needs.

Homeostasis is the body's natural tendency to maintain a stable, balanced internal state, like temperature, or thirst. It's how we regulate vital functions.

Optimum Arousal Theory suggests humans seek an ideal level of stimulation. We strive for the "just right" amount, avoiding too much or too little.

Freud believed that motivation comes from two primary drives: the sexual drive, which fuels our erotic feelings, and the aggressive drive, which is related to destructive impulses. These drives shape our mental life and behavior

This theory proposes that our bodies have a 'set point' weight range, like a thermostat, that is influenced by genetics and our metabolism. It suggests that our bodies naturally regulate weight within this range.

Cultural factors, like portion sizes, social norms around food, and ideal body image, can significantly impact our eating habits and what we consider 'normal' portions.

Our state of mind and emotional state strongly influence our eating habits. Stress, mood, surrounding food cues, and choice variety can trigger cravings or suppress appetite.