Questions and Answers
What does instinct theory emphasize?
What is drive-reduction theory?
Motivation begins with a physiological need that elicits a drive toward behavior to satisfy that need.
Optimal arousal theory suggests that organisms are motivated to avoid all forms of arousal.
False
What is incentive theory?
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Cognitive theory focuses on which of the following?
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What does the hierarchy of needs theory propose?
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Study Notes
Instinct Theory
- Emphasizes genetic and inborn factors as primary motivators of behavior.
- Suggests that behaviors are inherent and can be seen across different species.
Drive-Reduction Theory
- Proposes that motivation starts with a physiological need (e.g., hunger, thirst).
- A drive is created to motivate behavior aimed at satisfying the need.
- Once the need is met, homeostasis is restored, resulting in decreased motivation.
Optimal Arousal
- Suggests that organisms have a preferred level of arousal they seek to maintain.
- Too much or too little arousal can lead to motivational shifts in behavior.
Incentive Theory
- Argues that external stimuli influence motivation by "pulling" individuals toward certain actions.
- Motivational drives are shaped by anticipated rewards or outcomes.
Cognitive Theory
- Highlights the role of personal interpretation and thought processes in motivation.
- Focuses on how attributions and expectations affect our understanding of actions, both personal and others'.
Hierarchy of Needs
- Developed by Maslow, this theory proposes that lower-level needs (such as physiological needs) must be fulfilled before higher-level needs (like social and self-actualization) are pursued.
- The hierarchy is often depicted as a pyramid, with foundational needs at the base.
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Description
Explore the six major theories of motivation with these informative flashcards. Each card provides a definition and highlights a unique perspective, from instinct theory to drive-reduction theory and beyond. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of motivational psychology.