6 Major Theories of Motivation Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does instinct theory emphasize?

  • External stimuli
  • Physiological needs
  • Attributions and expectations
  • Inborn, genetic factors in motivation (correct)
  • What is drive-reduction theory?

    Motivation begins with a physiological need that elicits a drive toward behavior to satisfy that need.

    Optimal arousal theory suggests that organisms are motivated to avoid all forms of arousal.

    False

    What is incentive theory?

    <p>Motivation results from external stimuli that pull the organism in certain directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive theory focuses on which of the following?

    <p>Attributions and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hierarchy of needs theory propose?

    <p>Lower motives must be satisfied before advancing to higher needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Instinct Theory

    • Emphasizes genetic and inborn factors as primary motivators of behavior.
    • Suggests that behaviors are inherent and can be seen across different species.

    Drive-Reduction Theory

    • Proposes that motivation starts with a physiological need (e.g., hunger, thirst).
    • A drive is created to motivate behavior aimed at satisfying the need.
    • Once the need is met, homeostasis is restored, resulting in decreased motivation.

    Optimal Arousal

    • Suggests that organisms have a preferred level of arousal they seek to maintain.
    • Too much or too little arousal can lead to motivational shifts in behavior.

    Incentive Theory

    • Argues that external stimuli influence motivation by "pulling" individuals toward certain actions.
    • Motivational drives are shaped by anticipated rewards or outcomes.

    Cognitive Theory

    • Highlights the role of personal interpretation and thought processes in motivation.
    • Focuses on how attributions and expectations affect our understanding of actions, both personal and others'.

    Hierarchy of Needs

    • Developed by Maslow, this theory proposes that lower-level needs (such as physiological needs) must be fulfilled before higher-level needs (like social and self-actualization) are pursued.
    • The hierarchy is often depicted as a pyramid, with foundational needs at the base.

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    Description

    Explore the six major theories of motivation with these informative flashcards. Each card provides a definition and highlights a unique perspective, from instinct theory to drive-reduction theory and beyond. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of motivational psychology.

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