understanding the self

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following pairs accurately describes primary sex characteristics in males and females?

Testes and vagina

Fallopian tubes and testes

Uterus and prostate gland (correct)

Ovaries and penis

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus during puberty?

To release hormones that trigger puberty (correct)

To control emotions through hormonal regulation

To regulate sleep patterns in adolescents

To initiate physical changes in secondary sex characteristics

What is the main advantage of using condoms for contraception?

They do not require any medical prescription.

They can be reused and provide reliable birth control.

They are the most effective method of birth control.

They are easily available and provide protection against STDs. (correct)

At what age range does puberty typically start for girls?

8-12 years old (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does self-actualization entail according to Carl Rogers?

Reaching one's full potential and living authentically (D) Signup and view all the answers

In Rogers' theory, what is the primary role of a therapist in promoting self-actualization?

Creating a judgment-free environment for self-exploration (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of gender does the Genderbread Person represent?

Gender identity and expression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What best defines the 'Individualist Self' in Western cultures?

Focusing on personal goals and independence (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Collectivist Self' differ from the 'Individualist Self'?

It focuses on the needs and goals of the group (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the 'Physical Self' does body image primarily relate to?

How one perceives their appearance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences can genetics have on the Physical Self?

Determining biological features like height and eye color (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by congruence in the context of self-actualization?

The alignment of a person's ideal self with their real self (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement represents a misconception about the Individualist Self?

It is characterized by group dependencies. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Diderot Effect describe?

The desire to acquire additional items after getting a new possession. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which concept emphasizes that self is an illusion composed of ever-changing elements?

Anatta (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of the Material Self?

It reflects one's identity through physical possessions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about needs and wants is correct?

Wants prioritize comfort and pleasure, while needs are for survival. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Freud, what are erogenous zones?

Specific regions that, when stimulated, can result in pleasure. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of the Spiritual Self reflect?

An essence or soul that transcends physical existence. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is often directed at Freud's theory of psychosexual development?

It fails to account for cultural and societal influences on sexuality. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the aniwaas is true?

It visits familiar places during sleep and can cause insanity upon loss. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Module 6: The Cognitive Construction of Self

Real self: Represents our true identity; Ideal self: The version we aspire to be.
Self-actualization: Achieving one's full potential through authenticity.
Carl Rogers emphasized acceptance and empathy for personal growth.
The therapist's primary role in Rogers' model is to provide a non-judgmental environment for self-exploration.
Congruence: Alignment between real self and ideal self leads to true happiness.

Module 7: Individualistic versus Collectivist Self

Individualistic self (Western cultures): Prioritizes personal goals and independence, emphasizing individual desires over group needs.
Collectivist self (Eastern cultures): Values family and social harmony, focusing on group needs and identity derived from social roles.

Module 8: The Physical Self: The Impact of Culture on Body Image

Body image influences how we perceive our own physical appearance.
Physical self encompasses unique physical traits such as height, shape, and features.
Genetic factors determine biological aspects like eye color and hair color.
Cultural beauty standards can shift due to historical context.

Module 9: The Economic and Material Self: Living in a Material World

Material self is the physical extension of identity through possessions.
Material items can reflect personal identity and values.
The Diderot Effect: Acquiring one item can trigger a desire for related purchases.
Understanding needs (survival) versus wants (comfort or status) is essential for responsible consumption.

Module 10: The Spiritual Self: The Inner Soul

Spiritual self denotes the inner essence beyond the physical body, influencing behavior aligned with core values.
Hinduism posits that Atman (individual soul) is eternal and identical to Brahman (universal spirit).
Buddhism teaches Anatta (non-self) suggests that self is an illusion formed from changeable elements.
Cultural beliefs include various soul concepts like kararwa (main soul) and aniwaas (third soul), each with unique characteristics regarding life and afterlife.

Module 11: The Sexual Self: Development of the Secondary Sex

Sexual self encompasses personal development through sexuality.
Freud's psychosexual stages include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital, with erogenous zones related to pleasure.
The latency stage allows social development without sexual focus.
Puberty age ranges: Girls (8-12 years), Boys (9-14 years).
Primary sex characteristics directly involve reproduction; secondary characteristics develop during puberty and distinguish sexes.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) regulates puberty onset, with testosterone driving male changes.

Module 12 & 13: The Sexual Self: STDs, Contraception, and Gender

The Genderbread Person visually separates gender into four components, highlighting identity beyond biological sex.
STDs arise from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) primarily through sexual contact; can be transmitted during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Condoms: Easily available contraceptives that also minimize STD risk; male condoms are latex sheaths worn on the penis.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts from Modules 6 to 12 in psychology, focusing on the cognitive construction of self, the differences between individualistic and collectivist selves, and the cultural impact on body image. Explore theories by Carl Rogers and understand the significance of personal growth, self-actualization, and cultural influences on identity.