The Self as Cognitive Construction
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Questions and Answers

Which aspect of the self represents the spontaneous and unorganized element?

  • Social Self
  • Me
  • I (correct)
  • Material Self
  • What term describes the internalized societal norms and expectations affecting self-perception?

  • Social Self
  • Material Self
  • Self-image
  • Me (correct)
  • How does self-awareness typically develop according to the theory of the social self?

  • Through social interactions (correct)
  • Through media consumption
  • Through visualization techniques
  • Through independent self-reflection
  • Which philosopher is known for conceptualizing the self as a cognitive construct with subjective and objective components?

    <p>William James</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of self, what does the 'Material Self' refer to?

    <p>The objects and possessions an individual owns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes George Herbert Mead's view of the self?

    <p>An evolving identity emerging from social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary influence does social media have on self-perception?

    <p>It creates curated online personas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'I' and 'Me' concepts highlight which of the following dualities of self?

    <p>External perception vs. internal experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage involves individuals developing self-consciousness through language?

    <p>Preparatory Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model emphasizes theories applicable to many individuals in understanding psychological phenomena?

    <p>Global Models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of self is described as more stable and intimate, including thoughts and feelings?

    <p>Spiritual Self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of attachment provides a safe haven for exploration?

    <p>Secure Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes mental representations that guide expectations and interactions?

    <p>Internal Working Models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for distress experienced when separated from a primary caregiver?

    <p>Separation Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is associated with Freudian concepts of the unconscious mind?

    <p>Psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is typically used to maintain closeness to caregivers?

    <p>Attachment Behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'individualistic self' emphasize?

    <p>Personal traits and achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher is associated with the idea that individuals create their own identities through choices and actions?

    <p>Jean-Paul Sartre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary value is associated with the collective self?

    <p>Group harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of self-concept, how does Western thought primarily differ from Eastern thought?

    <p>Western thought highlights individualism and self-expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the 'physical self' encompass?

    <p>Tangible attributes like health and appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of individualistic self?

    <p>Personal rights and self-agency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a key implication of individualism versus collectivism in self-identity?

    <p>Individualism prioritizes personal goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a value associated with the individualistic self?

    <p>Social responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Self as Cognitive Construction

    • William James, a prominent American philosopher and psychologist, is credited with the term "Father of American Psychology". He is recognized for establishing the first psychology course in the US and conceptualizing the self as a complex cognitive construct with two key aspects: the "I" and the "Me."
    • The "I" represents the acting, experiencing, and self-aware aspect of the self. This is the subjective, conscious part of our identity.
    • The "Me" embodies the self as an object of perception, reflection, and encompasses beliefs, values, and experiences. This is the objective, observable aspect of the self.

    Social Construction of Self

    • George Herbert Mead, a notable American philosopher, sociologist, and psychologist, formulated the concept of self-awareness developing through social interaction. He posited that self-awareness emerges from recognizing how others perceive us.
    • Our self-image, part of the "Me," reflects our perception of ourselves based on societal expectations and how others view us.
    • Individualistic vs. Collective Self:
      • Individualistic self emphasizes personal traits, goals, achievements, uniqueness, and independence.
      • Collective self emphasizes group membership, social roles, group harmony, cooperation, and social responsibility.

    Influences on the Self

    • Media and Technology: Social media platforms contribute to constructing online personas, influencing self-perception.
    • Globalization and Cultural Exchange: Exposure to global cultures enriches identity and leads to a deeper understanding of the self within a greater context. For example, the influence of Korean culture in the Philippines has impacted local identities.

    Western and Eastern Perspectives on Self

    • Western Thought: Primarily focused on individualism, personal autonomy, scientific investigations, and the self as being shaped by social interactions and experiences. Key figures include:
      • Sigmund Freud: Emphasized the influence of unconscious desires and drives on the self, stating "The ego is not master in its own house."
      • Jean-Paul Sartre: Argued for individual creation of identity through choices and actions, claiming "Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself."
    • Eastern Thought: Emphasizes relational aspects of the self, interconnectedness, and spiritual development.
      • Confucianism: Focuses on social relationships, community, and ethical conduct.
      • Taoism: Emphasizes harmony with nature, balance, and the "Tao" - the underlying principle of the universe.

    The Physical and Sexual Self

    • Physical Self: This is the tangible aspect encompassing body structure, attributes, appearance, health, and physical capabilities. It develops through interactions with others and reflects how we perceive ourselves in relation to others.
    • Spiritual Self: A more stable aspect of the self encompassing inner thoughts, feelings, and beliefs - the core self.

    Attachment and the Spiritual Self

    • Attachment Bonds: Deep emotional connections providing security and comfort.
    • Internal Working Models: Mental representations of self, others, and relationships that guide expectations and interactions.
    • Attachment Behaviors: Actions used to maintain caregiver proximity, such as crying, clinging, or following.
    • Secure Base: A responsive and available caregiver who provides a safe haven for exploration.
    • Separation Anxiety: Distress experienced when separated from a primary caregiver.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate concepts of self as defined by William James and George Herbert Mead. Understand the dual nature of self: the 'I' as the subjective experience and the 'Me' as the socially constructed identity influenced by interactions. This quiz delves into critical theories regarding self-awareness and identity.

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