Cognitive Construction of Self: Carl Rogers

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What aspect of culture can significantly affect individuals' perceptions of their body image?

Access to nutritional information

Media portrayal of beauty standards (correct)

Personal genetic traits

Individual physical activity levels

Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to negative body image?

Quality of physical education (correct)

Negative comments from family and friends

Cultural norms and ideals

Social media comparisons

Which term describes the feeling of unhappiness with one's body size or shape?

Body Confidence

Body Acceptance

Body Positivity

Body Dissatisfaction (correct)

Social comparison, as it relates to body image, primarily involves which of the following?

Evaluating one's body against the bodies of others Signup and view all the answers

Which key value can influence an individual's body image perception according to cultural standards?

Interconnectedness Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary motive that Carl Rogers believes drives a person towards growth?

Desire to self-actualize Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'congruence' refer to in Rogers' theory?

The alignment between self-perception and experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'real self' according to Rogers?

The authentic identity of a person Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to a person's resilience according to the content?

A harmonious balance between the real self and ideal self Signup and view all the answers

Self-actualization involves which of the following processes?

Realizing and fulfilling one's potential Signup and view all the answers

Genetics contribute to which aspect of an individual's development?

Physical and psychological traits Signup and view all the answers

What is considered essential for a person to achieve self-actualization according to Rogers?

Supportive environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of authenticity?

Seeking external validation Signup and view all the answers

What is self-disclosure primarily used for in relationships?

To build trust and intimacy Signup and view all the answers

According to Carl Rogers, what happens when your real self aligns with your ideal self?

You feel confident and authentic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the individualist self in Western cultures?

Prioritizing personal goals and achievements Signup and view all the answers

In contrast to individualism, what does collectivism emphasize?

The importance of the group and harmony Signup and view all the answers

What aspects are included in self-care practices?

Diet, exercise, and mental health care Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about upbringing is true?

It significantly impacts a child’s identity and self-concept Signup and view all the answers

What are key values associated with individualistic cultures?

Independence, self-reliance, and personal freedom Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural expectations influence the ideal self?

They dictate personal values and life choices Signup and view all the answers

What is Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) primarily characterized by?

Obsessive thoughts about perceived flaws in appearance Signup and view all the answers

The Diderot Effect describes what phenomenon related to consumer behavior?

The behavior of continually buying items linked to an initial purchase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a suggested way to promote a positive body image?

Compare yourself with others Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'spiritual self' refer to?

The essence or core values of an individual Signup and view all the answers

Avoidance behaviors in the context of body image mostly involve what?

Avoiding social interactions that could trigger negative thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the material or economic self?

The external representation of who we are through possessions Signup and view all the answers

Why is practicing mindful eating beneficial?

It promotes awareness and appreciation of food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a core component of religion?

Beliefs, practices, and rituals followed by a group Signup and view all the answers

What do Filipinos believe about the nature of the soul?

Humans possess multiple souls. Signup and view all the answers

In Hinduism, what is considered crucial for achieving spiritual growth?

Realization of Atman as Brahman. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal of Buddhism's perspective on the self?

To achieve enlightenment through understanding non-self. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant part of a Muslim's identity according to Islam's view on self?

Following the Five Pillars of Islam. Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of Anatta in Buddhism?

Self is an illusion and lacks inherent existence. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'moksha' refer to in Hinduism?

Liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Signup and view all the answers

How do individuals achieve spiritual purity in Islam?

By following the Five Pillars of Islam. Signup and view all the answers

In early Ilokano beliefs, what role do the multiple souls play?

Only the main soul exits after death. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Cognitive Construction of Self

Carl Rogers, a humanistic psychologist, believed individuals need an environment that enables growth.
He proposed that the basic motive for humans is self-actualization, which involves reaching one's highest potential and achieving a level of humanness.
Rogers believed that achieving self-actualization requires congruence, a state of balance and harmony between one's real self and ideal self.
Real self refers to one's authentic identity, shaped by upbringing, environment, genetics, and life experiences. It's grounded in reality, reflecting tangible aspects of personality and interactions with the world.
Ideal self refers to who a person wants to become, often influenced by societal norms, cultural expectations, personal goals, role models, and aspirations.
According to Carl Rogers, when an individual's real self matches their ideal self, they experience a sense of well-being, act honestly and sincerely, connect better with others, and have less internal conflict.

Authenticity

Authenticity is about being genuine, true to one's real self, values, and beliefs.
It involves acting in ways that are consistent with one's true identity, with openness and self-disclosure.

Congruence

This is the state of alignment or harmony between an individual's real self and ideal self.
It involves consistency between one's self-perception and experiences.

Genetics

Genetics refer to the hereditary characteristics passed from parents to offspring.
These characteristics contribute to an individual's physical and, to a certain extent, psychological traits.

Resilience

Resilience is the ability to recover quickly from difficulties and maintain mental and emotional strength.
It's enhanced by a harmonious balance between the real self and the ideal self.

Self-Actualization

This is the process of realizing and fulfilling one's potential, talents, and abilities.
It involves striving to become the best version of oneself and achieving personal growth and meaningful goals.

Self-Disclosure

This involves revealing personal information, thoughts, and feelings to others.
It's a key component in building trust and intimacy in relationships.

Upbringing

Upbringing refers to the treatment and instruction received by a child from their parents during childhood.
This has a significant impact on their real self.

Individualistic Self (Western Thought)

Emphasizes the needs and desires of the individual over the group.
Values personal goals, achievements, and independence.
Key values include independence, self-reliance, personal freedom, and expressing one's own identity.

Collectivist Self (Eastern Thought)

Emphasizes the importance of the group over the individual.
Values family, community, and social harmony.
Key values include interconnectedness, group harmony, loyalty to family, and fulfilling social obligations.

The Physical Self: The Impact of Culture on Body Image

Physical self refers to one's body and what makes it unique.
Body image is an individual's perception, thoughts, and feelings about their physical appearance, including attitudes, beliefs, and emotions.

Genes

They contribute to an individual's physical traits, such as eye color, hair color, height, and bone structure.
They can influence physical abilities and the development of physical disabilities.

Self-Care

This includes activities and practices that individuals engage in to maintain and improve their physical well-being.
It encompasses diet, exercise, sleep, stress management, hygiene, preventive healthcare, and mental health care.

Culture

Different cultures have varying norms and ideals regarding body size, shape, and beauty.
These cultural standards can influence individuals' perceptions of their own bodies and what is considered acceptable or desirable.

Media

Media plays a significant role in impacting body image by promoting unrealistic beauty standards.

Family and Friends

The people closest to us, including family and friends, can significantly impact our body image through their comments and attitudes.

Negative Effects of Culture and Society on Body Image

Body Dissatisfaction: Feeling unhappy or displeased with one's body size, shape, or appearance.
Social Comparison: Comparing one's body to others and feeling inadequate as a result.
Eating Disorders: Extreme behaviors related to food intake and weight control, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD): A mental health disorder characterized by obsessive thoughts about perceived flaws or defects in one's appearance.
Avoidance Behaviors: Avoiding social situations, activities, or clothing that may highlight perceived flaws or trigger negative body image thoughts.

Ways to Have a Positive Body Image

Practice self-compassion.
Surround yourself with positive influences.
Focus on health, not just appearance.
Practice mindful eating.
Engage in self-care.
Seek support.

Understanding the Self

Material or Economic Self

Refers to the extension of our physical self through possessions.
It's the idea that what we own can be an external representation of who we are.
Material possessions, such as clothing, accessories, gadgets, and vehicles, are physical objects we interact with daily.
In many societies, the type and quality of material possessions can be social indicators of status, wealth, and success.

The Spiritual Self: The Inner Soul

This is the part of us that is our inner essence or soul, beyond the physical body.
It involves deep reflection on life's big questions and living according to our core values.
It's about caring for ourselves, others, and the world.
Showing kindness and compassion are key aspects.

Religion

A set of beliefs, practices, and rituals followed by a group of people.
It often involves faith in a higher power, such as God or gods.
Religions have organized structures, such as churches, temples, or mosques, for followers to gather.
They shape cultures, traditions, and how people see themselves.

Religious Views on Self

Different religions offer unique insights into human existence, spiritual growth, and the search for meaning.

The Soul in Filipino Tradition

Filipinos believe in multiple souls that animate the body.

Hinduism's View on Self

The self (Atman) is eternal and identical to Brahman (the ultimate reality).
Individuals experience karma through reincarnation and seek liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.
The self is seen as separate from the body and mind, representing divine consciousness.
Self-realization is key to spiritual growth.

Buddhism's View on Self

The self is impermanent and lacks inherent existence (Anatta).
The goal is to see through the illusion of self and achieve enlightenment (nirvana), understanding that all things are interconnected.

Islam's View on Self

The self (nafs) is created by Allah with free will and moral responsibility.
The goal is to submit to Allah's will and attain spiritual purity.
Muslim identity is shaped by following the Five Pillars of Islam: faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
Purifying the self through these practices leads to inner peace and divine favor.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the concepts presented by Carl Rogers regarding self-actualization and the balance between the real self and ideal self. Understand the importance of an environment that fosters personal growth and the implications of achieving congruence in one's life. This quiz will help reinforce your knowledge of humanistic psychology principles.