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Questions and Answers
What does the 'I' self represent in William James' Self Theory?
Which of the following best describes the 'Me' self?
What does the global model emphasize regarding self-concept?
How does the cognitive construction theory perceive self-awareness?
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Which of the following best captures the essence of self-concept according to the discussed psychological perspectives?
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What is a key characteristic of the 'I' self compared to the 'Me' self?
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Which aspect of the self does the differentiated model study focus on?
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William James' theory suggests that self-perception is influenced by which of the following?
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What does the ideal self represent?
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Which scenario best illustrates the concept of multiple selves?
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What does the unified self emphasize?
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Which best defines the true self according to Winnicott?
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What is the false self according to Winnicott’s theory?
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What is the primary focus of Carl Rogers' Self Theory?
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In which context does the concept of ideal self provide the most utility?
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What does intrapsychic differentiation primarily involve?
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David Lester's theory emphasizes which of the following ideas?
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How does interpersonal differentiation affect relationships?
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Which of the following statements regarding self-concept is true?
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What characterizes the real self according to Carl Rogers?
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What aspect of personality is illustrated by Harper's behavior?
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Which example best represents Paul's intrapsychic differentiation?
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What is a potential outcome of a lack of differentiation in relationships?
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Which of the following statements reflects the relationship between real self and ideal self?
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What does the term 'false self' refer to?
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Which of the following best describes proactive behavior?
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What is the significance of intentionality in human agency?
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Which example best illustrates agentic behavior?
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What potential consequence can arise from excessive reliance on the false self?
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How does Bandura's concept of human agency differ from passivity?
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Which of the following is NOT a core property of human agency?
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Why is the distinction between true self and false self important for psychological well-being?
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What does forethought involve in the context of public speaking?
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What type of planning is indicated by Luna visualizing her speeches before presenting?
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What is the role of self-reflection in improving public speaking skills?
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Which of the following best describes Luna's approach to improving her public speaking after receiving feedback?
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How does self-reactiveness manifest during presentations?
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Which of the following actions indicates self-reactiveness during Luna's first presentation?
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What does self-reflection ultimately help Luna achieve in her public speaking journey?
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Which of the following actions would best exemplify forethought in public speaking according to the context provided?
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Study Notes
The Self as a Cognitive Construction
- Our self-awareness is shaped by cognitive processes like perception, interpretation, and memory.
- The self is dynamic and evolves through personal experiences, beliefs, and social interactions.
- Our self-concept is flexible and changes based on new information and reinterpreted experiences.
William James' Self Theory
- Two aspects of the self: "I" Self and "Me" Self
- "I" self: Experiences in the present, including thoughts, feelings, and actions.
- Examples: Reflecting on thoughts and feelings, deciding based on values and preferences.
- "Me" self: Objective view, comprised of traits, roles, and self-perception based on past experiences and social feedback.
- Examples: Identifying as a student, friend, sibling, recognizing physical attributes.
Global vs. Differentiated Model
- Global Model: Consistent traits, values, and self-concept across situations.
- Personality traits and core values shape behavior consistently across diverse contexts.
- Example: Harper demonstrates consistent kindness and patience across various social contexts.
- Differentiated Model: (Developed by Murray Bowen)
- Intrapsychic Differentiation: Distinguishing thoughts from emotions.
- Example: Paul chooses art despite family expectations and pursuing his own career goals.
- Interpersonal Differentiation: Distinguishing personal experience from those of connected individuals.
- Example: Adrian respectfully disagrees with a friend's political views without feeling the need to argue or distance.
- Intrapsychic Differentiation: Distinguishing thoughts from emotions.
Carl Rogers Self Theory
- Focus on personal growth and fulfillment
- Real Self vs. Ideal Self
- Real Self: One's current identity, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors based on experiences and self-reflection.
- Example: John perceives himself as a reliable and hardworking employee based on his behaviors and self-assessment.
- Ideal Self: Aspiration, reflects goals, values, and envisioned accomplishments.
- Example: Samantha aspires to become a skilled public speaker who delivers engaging presentations.
David Lester's Theory
- Multiple Selves: Individuals exhibit different identities or behaviors in various situations or roles.
- Example: Julia acts confidently at work, but is reserved in social settings with friends.
- Unified Self: Cohesive identity that integrates various aspects of the self into a harmonious whole.
- Example: Emily maintains a stable self-concept aligned with her values across different life domains.
Donald W. Winnicott's Theory
- Introduced True Self vs False Self
- True Self: Authentic and innate qualities, reflects one's core identity and genuine feelings.
- Example: William pursues a career in music based on deep passion despite societal pressure.
- False Self: Protective persona formed in response to external pressures, expectations, or traumas.
- Example: Oliver pretends to like certain trends to fit in with a peer group, hiding his true preferences.
- Nurturing the true self fosters well-being, excessive reliance on the false self can lead to inner conflict and distress.
Albert Bandura's Proactive and Agentic Self
- Proactive behavior: Self-initiated behavior to address problems before they arise.
- Example: Students take the initiative to organize, prepare materials, and participate in discussions.
- Agentic behavior: Ability to control goals, actions, and destinies.
- Example: Entrepreneurs identify opportunities, develop plans, secure funding, and launch startups.
Four Core Properties of Human Agency:
- Intentionality: Setting goals and making plans.
- Example: Luna sets a goal to become a confident speaker and enrolls in a course to practice.
- Forethought: Planning actions based on expected outcomes.
- Example: Luna visualizes herself delivering a speech confidently, prepares by organizing thoughts, and rehearsing.
- Self-reactiveness: Monitoring and evaluating one's behavior and emotions.
- Example: Luna speaks too quickly and feels nervous, acknowledges this feedback and recognizes the need to improve.
- Self-reflection: Rewarding or adjusting behaviors based on self-evaluation and feedback.
- Example: Luna practices speaking slower, uses relaxation techniques, and seeks feedback to improve.
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Description
Explore the dynamic processes that shape our self-concept through cognitive interpretations, personal experiences, and social interactions. This quiz covers William James' Self Theory, highlighting the distinctions between the 'I' and 'Me' selves, along with the concepts of global and differentiated self models.