Psychology Classical Conditioning Quiz

Questions and Answers

Who discovered the basic process of classical conditioning?

Robert Rescorla

B.F. Skinner

John B. Watson

Ivan Pavlov (correct)

What discovery sparked Pavlov's interest in the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?

Dogs displayed a reflexive response before the stimulus was presented rather than after it was presented. (correct)

Dogs became hypersensitive to sounds, such as ringing bells and footsteps.

Dogs that were repeatedly restrained while shocked displayed learned helplessness.

Dogs displayed exploratory behavior when the experimenter was not in the room.

Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of:

Learning the relationship between a behavior and a reinforcer.

Learning new responses by observing others' behaviors.

Learning an association between two stimuli. (correct)

Learning that consequences follow a voluntarily emitted behavior.

Prior to conditioning, a dog will salivate in response to food placed in its mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _, while the dog salivating would be labeled the _.

Unconditioned stimulus; unconditioned response Signup and view all the answers

After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. At this point, the sound of the bell is a(n):

Conditioned stimulus (CS) Signup and view all the answers

After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. The dog's salivation to the sound of the bell is called the:

Conditioned response (CR) Signup and view all the answers

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

Defined by the effect that it produces—increasing or strengthening behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Positive reinforcement _ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. Negative reinforcement _ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.

Increases; increases Signup and view all the answers

According to your text, the phenomenon of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in:

All of these answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

_ conducted the famous Bobo doll research, which showed the power of _.

Albert Bandura; observational learning Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Ivan Pavlov is the key figure behind the discovery of classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response.

Pavlov's Discovery

Pavlov's interest in classical conditioning arose from observing dogs that salivated before the food was presented, showcasing a learned reflex.

Definition of Classical Conditioning

It involves learning an association between two stimuli rather than learning through consequences or observation.

Key Terminology

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Triggers a natural response (e.g., food causing salivation).
Unconditioned Response (UCR): The natural reaction to the UCS (e.g., salivation from food).
Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with the UCS, elicits a conditioned response (e.g., bell).
Conditioned Response (CR): The learned reaction to the CS (e.g., salivating in response to the bell).

Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement is defined as any stimulus that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behavior.
Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, as does negative reinforcement.

Learned Helplessness

The concept of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in various species, including cats, dogs, and even cockroaches and fish.

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura is known for the Bobo doll study, which illustrated the effectiveness of observational learning, showing that individuals can learn behaviors by watching others.

Description

Test your knowledge on classical conditioning with these flashcards. Explore the foundational discoveries made by Ivan Pavlov and the concepts related to this crucial psychological process. Ideal for students learning about behavioral psychology.