Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who discovered the basic process of classical conditioning?
Who discovered the basic process of classical conditioning?
- Robert Rescorla
- B.F. Skinner
- John B. Watson
- Ivan Pavlov (correct)
What discovery sparked Pavlov's interest in the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?
What discovery sparked Pavlov's interest in the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?
- Dogs displayed a reflexive response before the stimulus was presented rather than after it was presented. (correct)
- Dogs became hypersensitive to sounds, such as ringing bells and footsteps.
- Dogs that were repeatedly restrained while shocked displayed learned helplessness.
- Dogs displayed exploratory behavior when the experimenter was not in the room.
Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of:
Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of:
- Learning the relationship between a behavior and a reinforcer.
- Learning new responses by observing others' behaviors.
- Learning an association between two stimuli. (correct)
- Learning that consequences follow a voluntarily emitted behavior.
Prior to conditioning, a dog will salivate in response to food placed in its mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _____, while the dog salivating would be labeled the _____.
Prior to conditioning, a dog will salivate in response to food placed in its mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, the food would be labeled the _____, while the dog salivating would be labeled the _____.
After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. At this point, the sound of the bell is a(n):
After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. At this point, the sound of the bell is a(n):
After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. The dog's salivation to the sound of the bell is called the:
After repeatedly pairing the sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. The dog's salivation to the sound of the bell is called the:
In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:
In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:
Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. Negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. Negative reinforcement _____ the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated.
According to your text, the phenomenon of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in:
According to your text, the phenomenon of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in:
_____ conducted the famous Bobo doll research, which showed the power of _____.
_____ conducted the famous Bobo doll research, which showed the power of _____.
Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Ivan Pavlov is the key figure behind the discovery of classical conditioning.
- Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, resulting in a conditioned response.
Pavlov's Discovery
- Pavlov's interest in classical conditioning arose from observing dogs that salivated before the food was presented, showcasing a learned reflex.
Definition of Classical Conditioning
- It involves learning an association between two stimuli rather than learning through consequences or observation.
Key Terminology
- Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): Triggers a natural response (e.g., food causing salivation).
- Unconditioned Response (UCR): The natural reaction to the UCS (e.g., salivation from food).
- Conditioned Stimulus (CS): A previously neutral stimulus that, after association with the UCS, elicits a conditioned response (e.g., bell).
- Conditioned Response (CR): The learned reaction to the CS (e.g., salivating in response to the bell).
Operant Conditioning
- Reinforcement is defined as any stimulus that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a behavior.
- Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, as does negative reinforcement.
Learned Helplessness
- The concept of learned helplessness has been demonstrated in various species, including cats, dogs, and even cockroaches and fish.
Observational Learning
- Albert Bandura is known for the Bobo doll study, which illustrated the effectiveness of observational learning, showing that individuals can learn behaviors by watching others.
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Description
Test your knowledge on classical conditioning with these flashcards. Explore the foundational discoveries made by Ivan Pavlov and the concepts related to this crucial psychological process. Ideal for students learning about behavioral psychology.
