Psychology Chapter on Schizophrenia and ADHD

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in at least one neurocognitive domain?

90% (correct)

100%

50%

75%

What is a recognized causal factor in schizophrenia related to social cues?

Overprotective parenting

Genetic predisposition

Substance abuse history

Failure to attend to social cues (correct)

Which early term for schizophrenia suggested a quick progression and early onset?

Démence précoce (correct)

Démence

Psychotic break

Sundowning

Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of schizophrenia as mentioned by early researchers?

Aggressive behavior Signup and view all the answers

What language term does Eugen Bleuler equate schizophrenia to?

Splitting of the mind Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom involves perception that is delusional and difficult for others to understand?

First-rank symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What socio-psychological factor is associated with an increased risk of relapse in schizophrenia?

High expressed emotion Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive problem often complicates schizophrenia symptoms according to the content?

Overwhelming information Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with ADHD are boys?

About 70% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of ADHD?

Food intolerance Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option has the highest rate of effectiveness for ADHD symptoms?

Stimulant medications Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of ADHD is characterized by impulsivity as a central symptom?

Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is primarily associated with cognitive functions that may under-function in individuals with ADHD?

Prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with ADHD may continue to have symptoms into adulthood?

50-60% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not commonly associated with ADHD?

Visual impairments Signup and view all the answers

In diagnosing ADHD, symptoms must be evident by what age?

Before age 12 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits is commonly associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Disregard for social rules Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential causal factor for the development of Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Inadequate parenting Signup and view all the answers

Which personality trait from the Dark Triad refers to being manipulative and seeing others as a means to an end?

Machiavellianism Signup and view all the answers

Which type of treatment is NOT commonly used for Conduct Disorder?

Reinforcement of negative behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible outcome for individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder related to their relationships?

Impairment in forming positive relationships Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for ADHD mentioned in the content?

Cognitive behavior therapy combined with parental guidance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding Autism Spectrum Disorder?

It affects boys more than girls, with approximately 80% of diagnoses being male Signup and view all the answers

What is the best predictor of the outcome for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Amount of language development before age 6 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Vaccines leading to autism Signup and view all the answers

How often is Autism Spectrum Disorder associated with intellectual disability?

At least 50% of the time Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Chronic, lifelong condition Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive challenge is often observed in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Difficulty integrating information from various senses Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of identical twins show concordance for Autism Spectrum Disorder?

60-80% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of anorexia nervosa?

Restricting Signup and view all the answers

What characterization is shared by both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Intense fear of gaining weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of binge-eating disorder according to DSM-5?

Recurrent binge-eating Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is most common among the eating disorders listed?

Other specified feeding or eating disorder Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?

Compensatory behaviors Signup and view all the answers

How does the DSM-5 classify binge-eating disorder?

As a new diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic has a higher prevalence of eating disorders compared to cisgender individuals?

Transgender and nonbinary people Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT required for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in DSM-5?

History of amenorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assertion of patriarchy as a cultural system?

It socializes individuals to value masculine traits over feminine traits. Signup and view all the answers

How does capitalism impact consumer behavior according to the content?

It emphasizes making monetary profit and buying consumer goods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT identified as a mediating variable in the correlation between media exposure and eating disorder symptoms?

Gender identity confusion Signup and view all the answers

What does self-objectification theory suggest about women in American culture?

Women learn to evaluate their worth based on others' perceptions of their appearance. Signup and view all the answers

What were the findings of Frederickson et al.’s studies related to women in bathing suits?

Increased body shame and decreased performance in math tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary consequence of self-objectification as noted in the content?

Decreased mental resources available for other tasks. Signup and view all the answers

Which group in Frederickson et al.’s studies was most affected by self-objectification in terms of emotional consequences?

Women, demonstrating greater emotional and behavioral consequences. Signup and view all the answers

According to Stice et al.’s study, what was the relationship between media exposure and eating disorder symptoms?

Significant positive correlation with body dissatisfaction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychological Problems and Culture

Culture affects how we view psychological problems.
Otaku is an example of a culture-bound phenomenon that some consider problematic.
Culture-bound disorders include Hikikomori (Japan), Dhat syndrome (South Asia), eating disorders (Western), Koro (China/etc.), Ataque de nervios (Puerto Rico), Amok (Malaysia/SE Asia), Hysteria (1800s Europe), Frigophobia (China), Susto (Latin America), and Voodoo death (Africa).
Universal psychological problems include depression, social anxiety, schizophrenia, and suicide.

Treatments of Schizophrenia

Past treatments for schizophrenia included lobotomies, insulin coma therapy, ECT, warehousing.
Current treatment goals include reducing positive symptoms (psychotic symptoms).
Antipsychotic medications (neuroleptics) were introduced in the 1950s and included phenothiazines.
Newer antipsychotics include atypical antipsychotics.
Cognitive-behavioral therapy can reduce positive and negative symptoms.
Neurocognitive deficits, negative symptoms, and interpersonal difficulties need treatment, which is often challenging.

Understanding Schizophrenia

Understanding schizophrenia requires considering biological, genetic, and environmental factors.
Genetic factors may contribute to schizophrenia, along with developmental factors like birth complications or prenatal exposures.
Enlarged brain ventricles, brain shrinkage, abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex, and neurotransmitter issues like excess dopamine activity are potential problems or factors.
Psychological treatments include cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication.

Other Psychological Disorders

ADHD has three subtypes (combined, predominantly inattentive, and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive), and is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, and by restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior.
Personality disorders include paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.
Each personality disorder has unique traits, typically characterized by difficulties in relationships, emotional regulation, or other psychological functions.
Eating disorders include anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, and others. These disorders are often linked to cultural pressures and self-image concerns.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the neurocognitive aspects of schizophrenia and the characteristics of ADHD. This quiz covers key symptoms, causal factors, and treatment options associated with these mental health conditions. Challenge yourself to remember the important details from your psychology studies.