Psychology Chapter on Schizophrenia and Disorders

Skyzophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

• The course of Skyzophrenia is specified after a duration of one year
• Nine types of Skyzophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
• Skyzophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders have both positive and negative symptoms
• The main difference between Skyzophrenia and brief psychotic disorder is duration.

Other Mental Illnesses

• Delusions are when individuals experience thoughts and beliefs as part of a disorder
• A child who does not listen to teachers or complete classwork, and struggles to follow directions in games and activities may have inattention
• Inattention and disorganisation, and hyperactivity/impulsivity are the two main features of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• The amygdala is closely associated with panic disorder
• The neurotransmitter, norepinephrine, is associated with mania and depression
• Substance/Medication-induced bipolar disorder is diagnosed when a person experiences mood changes (e.g. elated, irritable, depressed) due to substance or medication usage or withdrawal
• Catatonia is a state associated with other mental disorders that is characterized by a range of symptoms like waxy flexibility, mutism, negativism, posturing, mannerisms, stereotyped movements, agitation, and not being influenced by external stimuli
• Substance/Medication-induced depressive disorder is characterized by depressive symptoms that occur due to substance or medication usage or withdrawal
• The main reason for separation anxiety is the loss or fear of losing a significant other
• Suicidal ideation and acts of taking one's own life are results of depression or other mental illnesses that cause intolerable mental distress
• A person with selective mutism can speak fluently but may choose to remain silent in specific social situations.
• A person with a developmental coordination disorder struggles with motor coordination, leading to clumsiness
• The amygdala is closely related to panic disorder, which causes fear and anxiety
• Separation anxiety is a common anxiety disorder in school-age children where kids are afraid to be separated from their parents.
• Inattention is a primary aspect of ADHD, characterized by difficulty focusing, getting distracted, and making careless mistakes.
• Individuals with hyperactive impulsive behavior struggle to wait their turn, interrupt others, and have difficulty controlling impulses.
• The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is the duration; manic episodes last longer.
• The social phobia is a fear of being evaluated negatively by others.
• In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, it is important to specify whether the patient is mainly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combine.
• Social anxiety disorders are characterized by a focus on negative events.
• Social anxiety disorder involves a fear of social situations due to the potential for negative evaluation or judgement.

Types of Disorders

• Substance-induced psychotic disorder develops during a substance use period or withdrawal. It typically involves delusions and hallucinations.
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is a childhood disorder characterized by persistent irritability, anger outbursts, and frequent temper tantrums.
• Delusional disorder is a disorder where a person holds strong, false beliefs that are not based on reality and may be very organized.
• Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for major depressive disorder or manic episodes.
• Major depression is characterized by low mood, lack of interest, and suicidal thoughts.
• The main features of schizoid personality disorder are detachment from social relationships, restricted emotional expression, and a lack of interest in close relationships
• Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd thoughts, behaviors, and speech patterns.
• The main feature of paranoid personality disorder is a pervasive distrust, suspiciousness, and belief that others are trying to harm them.
• The main feature of borderline personality disorder is instability in relationships, self-image, and emotional regulation, as well as intense fear of abandonment.
• Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality, attention-seeking, and a need to be the center of attention.
• Narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others.
• Antisocial personality disorder involves a disregard for social norms and rules, a lack of empathy or remorse, and a tendency to exploit others.
• Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a strong need to be taken care of, a fear of being abandoned, and a difficulty making decisions independently.
• Avoidant personality disorder involves excessive shyness, a fear of rejection or criticism, and a reluctance to engage in social situations.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is defined by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and a strong need for control.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd thoughts, behaviors, and speech patterns.
• A hypomanic episode is characterized by at least four consecutive days of an abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, accompanied by increased energy, goal-directed activity, and other behavioral changes.
• Inattention is a primary aspect of ADHD, characterized by difficulty focusing, getting distracted, and making careless mistakes.
• Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder is a condition where delusions and hallucinations develop or worsen during or right after substance or medication use.
• Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder is a condition characterized by depressive symptoms triggered by the use or withdrawal from a substance or medication.
• Developmental coordination disorder is known for impairments in motor coordination, leading to clumsiness and struggles with activities like writing and sports.
• The most important factor to specify in a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder is the duration of symptoms.
• The primary characteristic of an anxiety disorder is an overwhelming sense of fear, worry, and uneasiness, which can impact daily life.
• It is important to specify in an ADHD diagnosis whether a patient is mainly inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or a combination.
• Skyzophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders can be complex to diagnose and involve a wide range of symptoms, but positive and negative symptoms are typically considered in diagnosis.
• The duration of symptoms is a critical aspect in diagnosing anxiety disorders, as persistent symptoms often indicate a diagnostic requirement.
• The classification of an ADHD diagnosis as inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined is based on careful evaluation of the specific symptoms and their severity.
• Skyzophrenia is a long-term mental health condition characterized by a range of symptoms that can significantly impair daily life.
• Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by detachment from social relationships, restricted emotional expression, and a lack of interest in close relationships.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd thoughts, behaviors, and speech patterns.
• Paranoid personality disorder is marked by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, often believing that others are trying to harm them.
• Borderline personality disorder involves instability in relationships, self-image, and emotional regulation, often leading to intense fear of abandonment.
• Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by excessive emotionality, attention-seeking behavior, and a strong need to be the center of attention.
• Narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.
• Antisocial personality disorder involves a disregard for social norms and rules, a lack of empathy or remorse, and a tendency to exploit others.
• Dependent personality disorder is characterized by a strong need to be taken care of, a fear of being abandoned, and a difficulty making decisions independently.
• Avoidant personality disorder involves excessive shyness, a fear of rejection or criticism, and a reluctance to engage in social situations.
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is defined by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and a strong need for control.
• Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by odd thoughts, behaviors, and speech patterns that can be disruptive and impact personal relationships.
• An episode of hypomania is characterized by a period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting for at least four consecutive days, accompanied by increased energy, goal-directed activity, and other behavioral changes.
• Inattention is a primary aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is characterized by difficulty focusing, getting distracted, and making careless mistakes.
• Substance medication-induced psychotic disorder is a condition where delusions and hallucinations develop or worsen during or right after substance or medication use.
• Substance/medication-induced depressive disorder is a condition characterized by depressive symptoms that are triggered by the use or withdrawal from a substance or medication.
• Developmental coordination disorder is known for impairments in motor coordination, leading to clumsiness and struggles with activities like writing and sports.
• The most important factor to specify in a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder is the duration of symptoms.
• The primary characteristic of an anxiety disorder is an overwhelming sense of fear, worry, and uneasiness, impacting daily life.
• It is important to specify in an ADHD diagnosis whether a patient is primarily inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or a combination, as these classifications influence treatment plans.
• Skyzophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders can be complicated to diagnose, involving a range of symptoms, but positive and negative symptoms are typically considered during diagnosis.
• The duration of symptoms is a critical aspect in diagnosing anxiety disorders, as persistent symptoms often indicate a diagnostic requirement.
• The classification of an ADHD diagnosis as inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined is based on careful evaluation of the specific symptoms and their severity, influencing treatment approaches and interventions.
• Skyzophrenia is a long-term mental health condition characterized by a range of symptoms that can significantly impair daily life.
• Social phobias are a type of anxiety disorder in which a person has an intense fear of social situations.
• A hypomanic episode is characterized by a period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting for at least four consecutive days, accompanied by increased energy, goal-directed activity, and other behavioral changes.

Key Facts

• The most important aspect to specify in a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder is the duration of the condition, which helps determine its severity and potential treatment approaches.
• The primary characteristic of an anxiety disorder is the presence of overwhelming fear, worry, and uneasiness that significantly disrupts daily life.
• The classification of an ADHD diagnosis as inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Skyzophrenia is a long-term mental health condition characterized by a range of symptoms that can significantly impair daily life; it can involve disruptions in thinking, behavior, and emotions.
• The duration of symptoms is a critical aspect in diagnosing anxiety disorders because prolonged symptoms often indicate a more serious condition requiring further attention.
• Correctly classifying an ADHD diagnosis as inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, or combined allows for tailored interventions and treatments that target the specific symptoms and challenges faced by an individual.

Additional Notes

• The text explains that the course of Skyzophrenia is specified after one year.
• The text also explains how to diagnose different types of mental illnesses (e.g., Skyzophrenia spectrum and others psychotic disorders, Depression, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD).
• The text explains the specific types of disorders including the symptoms and causes.
• The text mentions information about the causes of different kinds of depressive disorder
• The text mentions and refers to information from the textbook.

This quiz explores various psychotic disorders, particularly focusing on the schizophrenia spectrum and its main features. It also covers other mental illnesses, including ADHD and bipolar disorder, their symptoms, and underlying biological factors. Test your knowledge on these important psychological concepts!