Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following traits is associated with higher job performance and better on-the-job behavior?
Which of the following traits is associated with higher job performance and better on-the-job behavior?
High neuroticism indicates high emotional stability.
High neuroticism indicates high emotional stability.
False
What are two key characteristics of Machiavellianism?
What are two key characteristics of Machiavellianism?
Manipulation and exploitation of others
People who have high ______ believe in their abilities to accomplish tasks successfully.
People who have high ______ believe in their abilities to accomplish tasks successfully.
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Match the personality trait with its corresponding effect on workplace behavior:
Match the personality trait with its corresponding effect on workplace behavior:
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What does internal attribution refer to?
What does internal attribution refer to?
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The halo effect refers to a bias where our overall impression of a person does not affect our judgment of their individual traits.
The halo effect refers to a bias where our overall impression of a person does not affect our judgment of their individual traits.
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What is the focus of attribution theory?
What is the focus of attribution theory?
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The _____ effect causes individuals to form opinions based solely on the first information they receive about someone.
The _____ effect causes individuals to form opinions based solely on the first information they receive about someone.
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Which of the following describes a high consensus in behavior?
Which of the following describes a high consensus in behavior?
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Match the perceptual errors with their descriptions:
Match the perceptual errors with their descriptions:
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The theory of managing diversity emphasizes the ways in which people are _____ or _____ from one another.
The theory of managing diversity emphasizes the ways in which people are _____ or _____ from one another.
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What type of locus of control attributes outcomes to personal abilities and failures to one's own shortcomings?
What type of locus of control attributes outcomes to personal abilities and failures to one's own shortcomings?
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High emotional stability individuals are more likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.
High emotional stability individuals are more likely to experience negative emotions under pressure.
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What is the primary ability associated with emotional intelligence?
What is the primary ability associated with emotional intelligence?
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People with low self-esteem often see themselves in _______ terms.
People with low self-esteem often see themselves in _______ terms.
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Match the following competencies with their descriptions:
Match the following competencies with their descriptions:
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Which of the following best describes 'Selective Attention' in the perceptual process?
Which of the following best describes 'Selective Attention' in the perceptual process?
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Stereotyping involves assigning traits to individuals based on their unique characteristics.
Stereotyping involves assigning traits to individuals based on their unique characteristics.
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Name one competency based on personal competence within emotional intelligence.
Name one competency based on personal competence within emotional intelligence.
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High emotional stability individuals tend to be _______ and unworried.
High emotional stability individuals tend to be _______ and unworried.
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Which competency involves guiding and motivating others with a compelling vision?
Which competency involves guiding and motivating others with a compelling vision?
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Study Notes
Individual Differences
- Factors affecting individual differences include heredity/genetics and environment.
- Intelligence is a capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
- Multiple intelligences have implications in employee selection, training, and performance. Examples include naturalist, bodily kinesthetic, musical, spatial, and linguistic intelligences.
Relative Stability of Individual Differences
- Understanding oneself (intrapersonal) involves knowing feelings and desires.
- Interpersonal intelligence involves recognizing and understanding others' feelings.
- Logical-mathematical intelligence involves quantifying things, creating hypotheses, and proving them.
Practical Implications
- The ability to solve everyday problems using knowledge and experience for adaptation, shaping, and selecting environments is practical intelligence.
- This includes adapting to an environment, shaping the environment to suit one's needs, and finding a new environment.
- The ability to improve intelligence is possible through adaptive training, variety, and generalizability.
- There is debate and skepticism about claims made concerning the effectiveness of brain-training programs.
- The link between IQ and job/school performance is inconclusive. Personality traits such as stability, conscientiousness, extroversion, and openness are described in detail in the text.
Personality
- Personality refers to relatively stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics unique to each individual.
- Personality is a product of interacting genetic and environmental influences.
- Personality traits describe enduring behaviors.
- Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) does not predict job performance or organizational outcomes. The model uses dichotomies like Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, Judging-Perceiving.
Core Self-Evaluation
- Core Self-Evaluations (CSEs) are positive individual traits such as capability, competence, and value.
- Self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability are important components of CSEs.
- Self-efficacy is a person's belief in their ability to accomplish tasks.
- Self-esteem is a person's belief in their self-worth.
- Locus of control relates to the source of control in a person's life, either internal or external.
- Emotional stability is the ability to cope with stress and negative emotions.
Emotional Intelligence
- Emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor one's own emotions and those of others, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide thinking and actions.
- Emotional intelligence is categorized by personal competence and social competence.
Perception
- Perception is a cognitive process that enables interpretation and understanding of surroundings.
- Perception involves determining which information to notice, how to categorize it, and how to interpret it to create meaning based on existing knowledge.
Perceptual Effects
- Halo effect: a general impression of a person distorts perception of their other characteristics.
- Recency effect: recent information dominates perception.
- Primacy effect: the first impression of an individual heavily influences perception.
- False-consensus effect: overestimation of shared beliefs and characteristics with others.
Managing Diversity
- Benefits of diversity include higher creativity in decision making, better understanding of customers, and more satisfied workforces.
- Challenges of diversity may include fault lines, glass ceilings, and the potential for similarity attraction.
- Suggestions for managing demographic diversity include affirmative action programs, diversity training, diversity-conscious hiring practices (tie-breakers).
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of individual differences, focusing on factors such as heredity and environment that influence intelligence. It also highlights the importance of multiple intelligences in various aspects of life, including personal understanding and practical problem-solving. Test your knowledge on how these factors interact and affect competencies.
