Psychology Chapter 3: Freud's Theories

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Questions and Answers

What psychological concept did Freud use to describe the child's attachment to their mother?

Electra Complex

Pleasure Principle

Oedipus Complex (correct)

Reality Principle

Which part of the psyche is described as functioning under the pleasure principle?

Conscious

Superego

Ego

Id (correct)

According to Freud, what aspect of human behavior is largely influenced by unconscious processes?

Physical reflexes

Social interactions

Emotional responses (correct)

Rational decision-making

In Freud's model, which element of the psyche serves as the moral compass or ethical guideline?

Superego Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the id according to Freud?

To achieve pleasure without moral restraint Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud mean by describing the id as 'lawless and amoral'?

It disregards social norms and ethical considerations Signup and view all the answers

What mental processes does Freud classify as 'unconscious'?

Processes that influence behavior without awareness Signup and view all the answers

How does Freud relate the id to the concept of the Devil?

Both embody primal desires and instincts Signup and view all the answers

What theme does the image of the tree primarily represent?

Endurance Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of a symbol in literature?

It opens out to meanings beyond the work. Signup and view all the answers

What poetic structure is used in 'Ozymandias'?

Sonnet Signup and view all the answers

What is the rhyme scheme of the sonnet 'Ozymandias'?

ABABA CDCEDEFE Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue in 'Ozymandias'?

It is partially destroyed and in ruins. Signup and view all the answers

Who is Ozymandias a Greek name for?

King Rameses II Signup and view all the answers

What literary device is prevalent in the poem 'Ozymandias'?

Imagery Signup and view all the answers

How does the inscription on the pedestal of the statue impact the reader?

It emphasizes the futility of pride. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hamlet's view of Denmark represent in his reflections?

A place of decay and corruption Signup and view all the answers

What sentiment does Hamlet express regarding the world he inhabits?

He considers it to be weary and distasteful Signup and view all the answers

Which theme is prominently featured in Hamlet's sentiments about nature?

The connection between personal and universal decay Signup and view all the answers

What is reflected in Claudius's words as he attempts to pray for forgiveness?

His internal conflict and recognition of guilt Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the journey described?

To achieve a balanced personality between the conscious and unconscious Signup and view all the answers

What does Hamlet's use of riddles and double meanings signify?

His understanding that others might not perceive his true feelings Signup and view all the answers

How does Hamlet feel about his mother's remarriage?

He sees it as a personal betrayal associated with decay Signup and view all the answers

How is disability culturally perceived according to the content?

Associated with loss, abnormality, and fragility Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of the theme of doubleness in the play?

Hamlet's words often suggest an alternative meaning Signup and view all the answers

What does the shadow archetype represent?

Repressed traits and negative feelings within a person Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Hamlet's struggle, what does 'man's having to tolerate earthly existence' imply?

A confrontation with existential despair Signup and view all the answers

What does the wise old man archetype provide during the hero's journey?

Guidance, insight, and good advice Signup and view all the answers

What must happen for a hero to fully integrate with their shadow?

The hero should confront and accept it as part of themselves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered an archetype mentioned in the content?

The trickster Signup and view all the answers

How does the mother archetype affect the development of the hero's personality?

By embodying the expectations of nurturing and maternal roles Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the shadow remains unconscious?

It becomes a source of shame and inferiority Signup and view all the answers

What does the increasing identification of children as 'multiracial' suggest about the concept of race in the United States?

It indicates that race may be more fluid than previously thought. Signup and view all the answers

How is 'race' primarily interpreted by historians and social scientists according to the content?

As a construct created to allocate social status and privilege. Signup and view all the answers

What ambiguity is associated with the concept of 'multiculturalism' as discussed in the content?

Understanding who qualifies as part of a culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about mainstream culture in relation to marginalized cultures?

Celebration of 'the other' can reinforce mainstream structures. Signup and view all the answers

In the interpretation of Shakespeare's Hamlet, what is emphasized by the context surrounding Claudius's conversation?

The moral ambiguity of kingship and power. Signup and view all the answers

What point is made about the incorporation of multicultural or ethnic texts in mainstream literature?

Their integration can challenge existing narratives. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a key criticism of complacency in ethnic or cultural politics?

It simplifies the complexities of multiculturalism. Signup and view all the answers

What does Rosencrantz's speech in Hamlet metaphorically suggest about leadership?

It explores the interdependence between leaders and their followers. Signup and view all the answers

What do the names Rosencrantz and Guildenstern imply about their characters?

They represent lightness and lack of individuality. Signup and view all the answers

How do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern react when questioned by Hamlet?

They crumble under Hamlet's questioning. Signup and view all the answers

What commission does Claudius send Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to carry?

To deliver a letter demanding Hamlet's execution. Signup and view all the answers

What literary device is used in describing the King’s sigh as a general groan?

Personification Signup and view all the answers

What thematic concept is suggested by Hamlet's view of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?

The act of betrayal and deception. Signup and view all the answers

What does Hamlet mean by referring to the two characters as 'adders fanged'?

They are deceitful and dangerous. Signup and view all the answers

In planning for revenge, which strategy does Hamlet consider regarding Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?

Foiling their plan with wit. Signup and view all the answers

How does Horatio react to the fate of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern?

He believes they deserve their fate. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Criticism: Theory and Practice 19th & 20th Centuries

Course Title: Criticism: Theory and Practice 19th & 20th Centuries
Course Code: BU_FART_ENGL49
Program: English Language & Literature
Course Instructor: Prof. Iman Adawy Hanafy
Fourth-Year course
Focuses on 20th-century criticism, also called the Age of Criticism.
Designed to identify and understand the various critical trends of the 20th century.
Explains how to apply the trends to literary works.
Includes major disciplines like Psychology and Marxist dialectics.
Examines Freudian and Jungian theory's use in literary analysis.
Includes anthropological methodology and the technique of close reading (New Criticism).
Emphasizes Feminist and Multicultural literary criticism from the latter half of the 20th century.
Covers the historical approach of New Historicists, such as Stephen Greenblatt.

Introduction
A Survey of Twentieth Century Theories
Traditional Criticism (Historical/Biographical)
Traditional Criticism in Practice
Russian Formalism and New Criticism
Formalistic Criticism in Practice
Reader-oriented Criticism
Reader-oriented Criticism in Practice
Psychoanalytic Criticism
Psychoanalytic Criticism in Practice
Cultural Studies
Cultural Studies in Practice
References

Introduction

Literary criticism is the study, interpretation, and evaluation of literature.
It's the practical application of literary theory to literature.
It involves defining, classifying, interpreting, and evaluating literary works.
Literary theory provides the general principles, terms, characteristics, and categories for analyzing literature.
Theory and practice interact in criticism.
The true critic understands the underlying meaning of literary works and shows them to the reader.
Critical views are divided into three groupings: formal, social and personal or individual.

Formalism

Began in England with I. A. Richards's Practical Criticism (1929).
Encouraged close reading of texts rather than relying on biographical information.
Stresses the importance of literary form in determining the meaning of literary works.
Examines a literary work in isolation, not considering external elements like biography or history.
Aims to develop a theory of literature using the technique and structure of the work itself, not the author.

Structuralism

Rooted in linguistics and anthropology.
Views literature as a system of signs with inherent meaning.
Examines the relationship between signs in the text.
Rejects the notion of a privileged authorial, temporal or social context in understanding a work.
Language is interpreted as a system of relationships and structures (e.g., binary oppositions)

Deconstruction

Originated as a reaction against structuralism's emphasis on order.
Finds disorder and a constant tendency for language to undermine its apparent meaning.
Argues that texts are not fixed meanings, but have unstable and open ended meanings.
Every text contains ingredients that undermine its system.

Sociological Criticism

Literary works reflect society and have meanings derived from social circumstances.
Analyzes the role of social and economic contexts within the work.

Feminist Criticism

A reaction to male dominance and female subordination in society and literary works.
Focuses on female stereotypes and characteristics in literature.
Considers how women are depicted and oppressed in texts.

Marxist Criticism

Analyzes literature based on social and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Emphasizes the class struggle and the role of politics.

New Historicism

Views literature as a cultural product within a specific historical period.
Interprets literature as a reflection of the power structures and ideologies of its time.

Psychoanalytic Criticism

Views literature as an expression of the inner workings of the human mind.
Examines the unconscious motivations, desires and conflicts within the characters of the text.
Often uses concepts from Freudian and Jungian psychology.

Reader-Response Criticism

Emphasizes the reader's active participation in creating meaning.
Recognizes that meaning isn't inherent to a text, but is constructed through the reader's interaction.
Focuses on how the reader's experiences, values, and attitudes influence their understanding and interpretation of a text

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Description

Test your understanding of Freud's psychological concepts, including the id, ego, and superego, and how they relate to human behavior. Explore his influential ideas on unconscious processes and literary symbolism, specifically in the poem 'Ozymandias'. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of both psychology and literature.