Questions and Answers
What is hindsight bias?
Define culture.
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people.
What is critical thinking?
Thinking that examines assumptions and evaluates evidence.
What is informed consent?
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What is debriefing?
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Define theory.
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What is a hypothesis?
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What is an operational definition?
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Define replication in research.
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What is a case study?
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What is naturalistic observation?
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What is a survey?
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Define population in research.
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What is a random sample?
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What does correlation measure?
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What is a correlation coefficient?
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Define scatterplot.
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What is an experiment?
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What is an experimental group?
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What is a control group?
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What is random assignment?
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What is a double-blind procedure?
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What is the placebo effect?
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Define independent variable.
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What is a confounding variable?
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What is a dependent variable?
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Study Notes
Experiment Terms in Psychology
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Hindsight Bias: Known as the "I-Knew-It-All-Along" phenomenon; the tendency to believe, after an event, that one would have predicted the outcome.
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Culture: A collection of behaviors, ideas, values, and traditions that are passed down through generations within a specific group.
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Critical Thinking: Assessment that goes beyond accepting conclusions; involves examining assumptions, understanding values, evaluating evidence, and reviewing conclusions.
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Informed Consent: An ethical guideline ensuring participants know enough about a study to make an informed choice on their involvement.
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Debriefing: An explanation given to participants after a study, detailing the study’s purpose and clarifying any misleading aspects.
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Theory: A comprehensive explanation that incorporates a set of principles to predict behaviors or phenomena.
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Hypothesis: A testable assertion that emerges from a theory, outlining a predicted relationship or outcome.
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Operational Definition: Clear, detailed descriptions of the processes and criteria used to measure and define research variables.
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Replication: The act of repeating a study with different participants and circumstances to ensure findings are consistent.
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Case Study: An in-depth study of an individual, aiming to unveil general principles applicable to wider populations.
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Naturalistic Observation: A research method that involves observing behavior in its natural setting without any intervention.
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Survey: A research tool for measuring self-reported attitudes or behaviors, often through questions posed to a representative sample.
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Population: The entire group from which samples are drawn in research studies.
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Random Sample: A subset of a population where every member has an equal chance of being included, helping to ensure representativeness.
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Correlation: A statistical measurement that evaluates the degree to which two factors relate to each other and how one can predict the other.
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Correlation Coefficient: A numerical value that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
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Scatterplot: A graphical representation showing the relationship between two variables, with dots representing their values; the pattern and direction indicate strength and type of correlation.
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Experiment: A research method where one or more factors are manipulated to assess their effects on behavior or mental processes, utilizing random assignment to control variables.
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Experimental Group: The group in a study that receives the treatment or modification being tested, exposed to the independent variable.
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Control Group: The comparison group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, providing a baseline for evaluating effects.
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Random Assignment: The procedure by which participants are allocated to experimental or control groups randomly, reducing pre-existing differences.
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Double-Blind Procedure: A method in experiments where both participants and experimenters are unaware of who has received the treatment vs. placebo, often used in drug trials.
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Placebo Effect: Observed effects on behavior resulting from participants' expectations rather than the treatment itself, typically when receiving a non-active substance.
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Independent Variable: The variable intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on behavior.
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Confounding Variable: Any factor that complicates the understanding of the relationship between the independent and dependent variable, potentially skewing results.
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Dependent Variable: The outcome variable in a study that responds to changes in the independent variable, reflecting the effects of the experimental manipulation.
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Test your knowledge of key terms in psychology with these flashcards. This quiz covers essential concepts such as hindsight bias, culture, and critical thinking, crucial for understanding psychological experiments and theories. Enhance your learning and recall with this interactive tool.