AP Psychology Unit 1B Flashcards

An approach to the world characterized by curiosity and skepticism.

<p>Smart thinking that examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The accuracy of an experiment and whether it measures what it is supposed to measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consistency of results when an experiment is replicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process involving making observations, forming theories, and refining theories based on new observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A framework that aims to explain a phenomenon and predict behaviors or events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testable predictions implied by a theory, usually describing the relationship between two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The opposite of the hypothesis, used when the hypothesis may be incorrect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precise statements used to define variables that allow others to replicate research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The act of repeating an experiment to see if the same results are obtained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An in-depth study of a single individual or group, aiming to reveal universal principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method that collects data from many cases in a less in-depth manner, often asking about behaviors or opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to overestimate others' agreement with our own beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research method that entails watching and recording behavior without interference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment conducted in a real-world setting outside of a lab.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals who participate and are observed during the research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A representative group of individuals selected for a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The entire group that a researcher is interested in studying and describing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method where every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sampling method that ensures representation of specific subgroups based on certain criteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statistical measure that indicates the strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both scores increase in direct proportion to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two variables relate inversely; as one increases, the other decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Graphs that plot the values of two variables and can show different types of correlation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A line representing the general trend of the data points plotted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A perceived relationship that does not exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An experiment conducted in a highly controlled environment to predict causal relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When a researcher unintentionally influences the outcome of an experiment to achieve desired results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The factor in an experiment that is manipulated to observe its effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable that is measured in the experiment and may change in response to the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extraneous variable that may interfere with the effect of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of distributing subjects into different groups, with random assignment preferred to reduce bias.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorizing subjects to potentially improve understanding of experimental results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The condition that is altered for the experimental group in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unchanged condition that the control group operates under in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The phenomenon where subjects alter their behavior due to awareness of being studied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method that allows subjects to participate without knowing if they are being tested.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A pseudotreatment that deceives participants into believing they are receiving actual treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The improvement in symptoms due to the belief in receiving treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method where both experimenter and subjects are unaware of specific conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A technique in research designed to eliminate confounding variables by using both experimental and control groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A research design that observes the same subjects over an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A study that examines different age groups simultaneously to understand developmental changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical measures that help analyze data and recognize patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most frequently occurring number in a data set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A situation where two modes exist within a data set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average of values, calculated by dividing the sum of scores by the number of scores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The middle value in a data set when arranged in order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Outliers that are typically disregarded in analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistics that describe the spread or diversity of data distributions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A computed measure indicating how much scores vary around the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The distance of a score from the mean in units of standard deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bell-shaped curve representing perfectly symmetrical distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distribution with more low scores than high scores, where the mode is below the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distribution with more high scores than low scores, where the mode is above the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure of the degree of dispersion of a set of scores, calculated by squaring the standard deviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A determination of whether the observed effects in an experiment are due to treatment or chance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indicates the validity of an experiment, with a threshold of .05; below this, the experiment is valid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Institutional Review Board.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when a researcher mistakenly rejects the null hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Occurs when a researcher accepts the null hypothesis when it is false.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Must have a clear scientific purpose; 2. Must care for animals humanely; 3. Must acquire subjects legally; 4. Must minimize suffering.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Informed consent; 2. Participation must be voluntary; 3. Anonymity/confidentiality; 4. No significant risk; 5. Debriefing afterwards.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers