Questions and Answers
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________.
memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information
The example of eyewitnesses remembering a purse snatcher as a man in a blue shirt when it was actually a woman in a flowered dress illustrates ________.
Elaborative rehearsal involves ________.
Elena uses chunking to help her remember numbers by grouping them into manageable parts. This is an example of ________.
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Encoding information occurs through ________.
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Engram refers to the ________.
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Forgetting good experiences after a breakup is an example of ________.
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The Kennedy assassination is considered a ________, a clear recollection of an important event.
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Explicit memory is different from implicit memory because ________.
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For a memory to go into storage, it must pass through three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.
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Jason's inability to recall Spanish vocabulary after switching to Pashto is an example of ________ interference.
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Lisa's inability to remember details about a quarter after paying no attention to it may be an example of ________.
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People may accidentally distort facts because ________.
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Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.
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Researchers showed the hippocampus functions in memory processing by creating lesions in the hippocampi of rats, leading to ________.
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The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.
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The formation of new memories is sometimes called ________, while bringing up old memories is called ________.
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What did Lashley develop by damaging the brains of rats during a learned task?
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What is episodic memory?
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What is procedural memory?
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What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?
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What should be changed to make the sentence true: 'There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory.'?
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The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.
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What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material with less personal relevance?
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What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?
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What is procedural memory?
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Engram refers to the ________.
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Which concept describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories?
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What is episodic memory?
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Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.
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In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.
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Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding?
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When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also known as non-declarative memory.
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When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information from your long-term memory.
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If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by it, what part of my brain am I using?
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The example of eyewitnesses remembering a purse snatcher as a man in a blue shirt when it was actually a woman in a flowered dress illustrates ________.
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People may accidentally distort facts because ________.
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Study Notes
Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
- Memories are processed similarly to computer information.
- Short-term memory can take different forms.
Eyewitness Testimony
- Suggestibility can create false memories through misinformation.
- Eyewitness accounts are often influenced by external suggestions.
Memory Rehearsal Techniques
- Elaborative rehearsal links new information to existing knowledge.
- Chunking organizes information into manageable groups for better recall.
Memory Encoding
- Encoding occurs through both automatic and effortful processing.
- Engram refers to the physical trace of a memory within the brain.
Types of Memory
- Explicit memories are consciously recalled, while implicit memories operate unconsciously.
- Episodic memory involves personal experiences, while procedural memory focuses on skills and tasks.
Stages of Memory Storage
- Memory transitions from sensory memory to short-term memory before encoding into long-term memory.
Memory Interference
- Retroactive interference occurs when new information impairs the recall of previously learned information.
- Encoding failure can arise from lack of attention to details.
Emotional Impact on Memory
- Strong emotions enhance memory retention through neurotransmitter and hormone release.
Self-Reference Effect
- Individuals tend to remember information more accurately when it relates personally to them.
Misinformation Effect
- Distorted memories can arise from external influences during recall.
Recognition vs. Recall
- Recognition involves identifying information from memory, while recall requires independent retrieval.
Brain Structures in Memory
- The amygdala processes emotions linked to memory, influencing memory formation and recall.
Key Memory Concepts
- Construction refers to forming new memories, while reconstruction relates to retrieving old memories.
- The equipotentiality hypothesis suggests different brain areas can adapt in response to damage impacting memory tasks.
Memory Reliability
- Eyewitness testimony can be unreliable due to suggestibility and external influences.
Importance of Rehearsal
- Rehearsal aids in the retention of information, helping transition data into long-term memory storage.
Memory Types and Examples
- Semantic encoding involves transforming words and meanings into memory, while examples of episodic memory could include recalling personal events like your first day of school.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Chapter 8 concepts from Psychology 101 with these flashcards. Explore key models and theories related to memory processing, including the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. Ideal for review before your final exam.
