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Questions and Answers
What percentage of Americans believe that the moon landing was staged?
What percentage of Americans believe that the moon landing was staged?
What claim did Power Balance LLC retract in 2010?
What claim did Power Balance LLC retract in 2010?
Which organization is mentioned as promoting the idea of a flat Earth?
Which organization is mentioned as promoting the idea of a flat Earth?
What best describes the nature of knowledge according to the content?
What best describes the nature of knowledge according to the content?
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What does the content suggest about critical thinking?
What does the content suggest about critical thinking?
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What is a key concept related to knowledge acquisition mentioned in the content?
What is a key concept related to knowledge acquisition mentioned in the content?
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What metaphor is used to describe the transfer of knowledge?
What metaphor is used to describe the transfer of knowledge?
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Why did Power Balance LLC offer a full refund to customers?
Why did Power Balance LLC offer a full refund to customers?
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Which statement best defines a claim?
Which statement best defines a claim?
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What distinguishes a fact from a claim?
What distinguishes a fact from a claim?
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Which of the following is an example of a fact?
Which of the following is an example of a fact?
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What is true about statements?
What is true about statements?
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Which option correctly categorizes the following statement: 'Regular physical exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression'?
Which option correctly categorizes the following statement: 'Regular physical exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression'?
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How does critical thinking contribute to decision-making?
How does critical thinking contribute to decision-making?
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What does the 'knowing' component refer to in critical thinking?
What does the 'knowing' component refer to in critical thinking?
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Which of the following statements is a claim?
Which of the following statements is a claim?
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What is the main characteristic of critical thinking?
What is the main characteristic of critical thinking?
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Why are critical thinking skills deemed essential in today's world?
Why are critical thinking skills deemed essential in today's world?
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What is a misinterpretation of the 'Mozart effect' mentioned in the content?
What is a misinterpretation of the 'Mozart effect' mentioned in the content?
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What is a potential risk associated with the vast amount of information available on the Internet?
What is a potential risk associated with the vast amount of information available on the Internet?
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What does critical thinking not rely on?
What does critical thinking not rely on?
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Which statement about the accessibility of information is true?
Which statement about the accessibility of information is true?
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What role does critical thinking play in decision-making?
What role does critical thinking play in decision-making?
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What is a feature of a critical thinker?
What is a feature of a critical thinker?
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What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the main focus of cognitive psychology?
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What does Ariely's concept of 'predictably irrational' behavior suggest?
What does Ariely's concept of 'predictably irrational' behavior suggest?
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How can understanding cognitive processes benefit individuals?
How can understanding cognitive processes benefit individuals?
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What is a significant outcome of studying patterns of thought and behavior?
What is a significant outcome of studying patterns of thought and behavior?
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What role does critical thinking play in resisting manipulation and propaganda?
What role does critical thinking play in resisting manipulation and propaganda?
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Why is understanding cognitive distortions important for psychological science?
Why is understanding cognitive distortions important for psychological science?
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What contributes to the effectiveness of strategies developed by psychologists?
What contributes to the effectiveness of strategies developed by psychologists?
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What is a key part of cultivating critical thinking skills?
What is a key part of cultivating critical thinking skills?
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What is emphasized as an essential feature of critical thinking?
What is emphasized as an essential feature of critical thinking?
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Which aspect does NOT characterize good thinking according to the definition of critical thinking?
Which aspect does NOT characterize good thinking according to the definition of critical thinking?
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Which of the following describes critical thinking as a process?
Which of the following describes critical thinking as a process?
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What does critical thinking help to increase the probability of?
What does critical thinking help to increase the probability of?
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Which term best encapsulates the overall aim of critical thinking?
Which term best encapsulates the overall aim of critical thinking?
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What kind of reflection is involved in critical thinking?
What kind of reflection is involved in critical thinking?
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Which cognitive skill is NOT related to critical thinking?
Which cognitive skill is NOT related to critical thinking?
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What does critical thinking require to avoid detrimental biases?
What does critical thinking require to avoid detrimental biases?
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What is a key implication of understanding human decision-making limitations?
What is a key implication of understanding human decision-making limitations?
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In which scenario is intuitive thinking particularly advantageous?
In which scenario is intuitive thinking particularly advantageous?
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How does critical thinking contribute to navigating complex information?
How does critical thinking contribute to navigating complex information?
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Why is critical thinking considered essential in the information age?
Why is critical thinking considered essential in the information age?
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Which aspect does 'fast and frugal thinking' address regarding human decision-making?
Which aspect does 'fast and frugal thinking' address regarding human decision-making?
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What role does emotion play in human decision-making?
What role does emotion play in human decision-making?
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What is one outcome of employing critical thinking in everyday life?
What is one outcome of employing critical thinking in everyday life?
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Which statement best describes the nature of critical thinking?
Which statement best describes the nature of critical thinking?
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Study Notes
PSY 179 - Critical Thinking in Psychology
- Course introduction, focusing on critical thinking definition and importance
- Characteristics of a critical thinker explored
- Course overview provided
What is Critical Thinking?
- General definition: Purposeful, reasoned, and goal-directed thinking
- Importance: Essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and forming logical conclusions
Why Critical Thinking Skills?
- Modern challenges, including the internet's impact on information access
- Information overload, fake news, and biased sources as problematic factors
Mozart Effect Misinterpretation
- Claim: Listening to Mozart improves spatial reasoning skills
- However, this is not supported by scientific evidence; the claim is misleading.
Claim vs. Fact
- Claim: A statement that requires evidence for verification
- Fact: A verifiable, true statement supported by evidence.
The Twin Pillars of Knowing and Thinking
- Knowing: Accumulation of factual knowledge
- Thinking: Applying knowledge to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information
Is There Evidence That We Need to Learn How to Think Critically?
- Lots of it, including examples of misinformation and flawed reasoning
- Referencing the 6% of Americans who think moon landing was staged, or the flat earth society.
Power Wristband Example
- Example illustrating misleading claims and lack of supporting evidence. This demonstrates the need to be critical of claims
- $2.5 million people have purchased it.
- 2010 Australian government demanded the company provide evidence.
- The company admitted they had 'no credible scientific evidence'
- Provided a full refund to customers.
Thought and Knowledge
- Knowledge is dynamic, not static, and involves personal understanding.
A Working Definition of Critical Thinking
- Open discussion and reflection on defining critical thinking
- Discuss what it includes and excludes
Critical Thinking = Good Thinking
- What differentiates good thinking from poor thinking?
Changing How People Think
- Influence vs. Manipulation: Using critical thinking to resist propaganda
- Empowerment: Enabling independent thinking and analyzing arguments
The Disposition of Effortful Thinking and Learning
- Key parts of critical thinking involve a positive attitude and motivation to put in effort and plan carefully, check for accuracy, collect information, and keep going when it's challenging.
Becoming a Better Thinker – The Quick and Easy Way
- Two types of thinking: fast thinking (System 1) and slow thinking (System 2) explored
- Characteristics of critical thinkers (e.g., willingness to plan, flexibility, persistence, admitting errors, consensus seeking, transfer of training, meta-cognitive monitoring)
A Question?? - The Bat and Ball Problem
- Illustrates a problem that students often have trouble solving with intuitive answers, a classic example of the difference between System 1 and System 2 thinking. The need to use logic and follow steps to solve this problem.
- The correct answer is $.05.
Let's Use Simple Algebra
- Showing how to solve the Bat and Ball problem mathematically
More Than Half of Students Gave Wrong Answer
- This further illustrates the need to develop critical thinking skills.
System 1 Thinking
- Automatic, intuitive thinking, often linked to experience and expertise
System 2 Thinking
- Effortful, slow, critical thinking, involves careful consideration and analysis.
Bounded Rationality
- Human decision-making is limited by available information and cognitive biases (including fast and frugal thinking, emotions, and unconscious influences)
- Understanding these limitations helps adjust expectations and improve decisions
Key Takeaways on Critical Thinking
- Definition and importance (purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed)
- Essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and navigating complex information
- Practical application in everyday life
In-Class Practice: Reflections on Personal Critical Thinking Experiences
- Prompt to reflect on personal critical thinking experiences
- Recall when you used critical thinking.
- Describe the situation, problem, or decision.
- Explain your process (methods, information gathering, weighing options, etc.).
- Result of critical thinking, outcome.
- What did you learn from the experience? (insights, changes in approach, etc.).
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of critical thinking as presented in the PSY 179 course. It explores definitions, the importance of critical thinking in psychology, and how to differentiate claims from facts. Additionally, it discusses common misconceptions like the Mozart effect.
