59 Questions
Qual es le function de le caveolae in le membranas plasmatic?
Contener componentes del systema de transmission de signal, como le receptor de insulina e proteínas G
Que es l'effecto de le junctions tight in le membranas plasmatic?
Prevenir le diffusion de macromoleculas solute
Qual es un caracteristica specific de le gap junctions?
Contine connexinas que forman canales de comunicacion inter-cellular
Como passa le grandes molecules transverso le membrana plasmatic?
Per transporters (proteinas carrier)
Qual es le principale characteristic del passive transport a travès del membrana?
Non necessita energia pro occurrer
Qual es un exemplo de active transport a travès del membrana plasmatic?
Endocytosis
Qual es le function del protein clathrin in le systema?
Limita le grandor del vescicula
Quid es le rolo de phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) in le assemblage de vesciculas?
Jugar un rolo importante
Qual es le necessitate del protein dynamin pro le formar de vesciculas coatate per clathrin?
Hydrolyza GTP e forma vesciculas
Quo modo SARS-CoV-2 entra in le cellulas?
Per receptor-mediated endocytosis
Qual es le effecto del Ca2+ in le processo de exocytosis?
Induce le exocytosis
Quid seque un signal que induci exocytosis in le cellulas?
Un cambio local e transiente in Ca2+ concentration
Qual es le function principal de proteinas transmembranar?
Fornir un canale pro molecule solubile in aqua
Como on pote solubilisar proteinas integral e transmembranar?
Con solutiones salin de forte concentration ionic
Quales es le characteristicas de proteinas peripheric?
Liga al nucleos hydrofilic de proteinas integral e gruppos hydrofilic de phospholipidos
Como alcun proteinas peripheric se attache al lipides membranari?
Per ligamines covalente
Qual mutation pote causar paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
Deficient attachment del anchor GPI a certe proteinas de erytrocytes
Quid representa un membrana complexe?
Composta de lipides, proteinas, e molecule conteniendo carbohydratos
Qual es un propietate differente del diffusion facilitat comparate con le diffusion simple?
Le diffusion facilitat es un systema uniport saturabile.
Como le insulina regula le diffusion facilitat de glucose?
Per stimular le transporter de glucose 4 (GLUT4) in adipocytos e musculos scheleticos.
Qual es un characteristic del sistema de transporto SGLT-1?
Es un exemplo de transporto activ secundari.
Como le transporto de glucose in adipocytos e musculos scheleticos differe del transporto in altere organos?
Le transporto in adipocytos e musculos scheleticos se face per GLUT4 que es stimulite per insulina.
Qual es un characteristica del transporto de glucose per GLUTs?
Varia inter differente tipos de tissutos.
Qual es un facto distinctive del diffusion facilitat comparate con le diffusion simple?
Implica un mecanismo saturabile.
Qual es le structura de base de los lipides glycerophospholipids?
Bacilla de glicerol-fosfate
Qual es un exemplo de lipide glycerophospholipid que contine Phosphatidic acid e choline?
Phosphatidylcholine
Qual es le function principal de los glycolipids in le membranas cellular?
Le identificantion cellular
Quale es le structura de base de los lipides glycolipids?
Bacilla de sphingosine
Quale es le lipide plus commun in le membranas cellular animal?
Colesterol
Quales es le elementos principal del cerebrósidos?
Ceramide e glucoso
Which type of junction is often located below the apical surfaces of epithelial cells and prevents the diffusion of solute macromolecules?
Tight junctions
What is the main function of connexins in gap junctions?
Facilitate direct transfer of small molecules between cells
How do large molecules primarily cross the plasma membrane?
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Which protein is commonly found in caveolae within the plasma membrane?
Insulin receptor
What is the main function of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in caveolae?
Signal transduction
Which structure is formed by six connexins joining together in a neighboring cell to facilitate intercellular communication?
Connexon channel
Which type of transport requires energy (ATP) and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?
Primary active transport
Which family of integral membrane proteins permits the passage of water but excludes the passage of ions and protons?
Aquaporins
In which pathological condition does the insensitivity of AQP2 to ADH in the kidneys cause polyuria and more dilute urine?
Nephrogenic diabetes insipitus (NDI)
Which protein is considered the most important enzymatic marker of the plasma membrane?
Na+-K+-ATPase pumps
What is the main function of Na+-K+-ATPase pumps in cells?
Maintain ion concentrations
What percentage of total energy expenditure in a cell is consumed by the maintenance of electrochemical gradients through active transport processes?
~30%
What is the major function of the lipid bilayer in cell membranes?
Serving as a barrier that is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules
Which statement accurately describes gases in relation to the cell membrane?
Small gas molecules with little interaction with solvents can readily diffuse through the membrane.
What characterizes a molecule with a high permeability coefficient in a lipid bilayer?
It can rapidly diffuse across the membrane.
Which component is NOT typically found in mammalian cell membranes?
Cholesterol-esters
What type of molecules can easily pass through the lipid bilayer of cell membranes?
Nonpolar molecules
In terms of water passage through cell membranes, which ion is characterized as the slowest to pass?
Sodium (Na+)
What is the main consequence of inhibiting the Na+-K+-ATPase by drugs like ouabain and digitalis?
Enhancement of glucose transport
How does the Na+-K+-ATPase contribute to creating a negative interior charge in cells?
By pumping K+ out of the cells
What happens to glucose transport when the extracellular Na+ concentration is low?
Glucose transport stops
How does the Na+-glucose symporter facilitate glucose transport in the small intestine?
By binding glucose at different sites than Na+
What is the role of the Na+-K+-ATPase in maintaining ionic balance in cells?
To create charge imbalance within cells
What is the primary function of phagocytosis?
Ingestion of large particles such as viruses and bacteria
Which process leads to the uptake of specific macromolecules with binding sites on the plasma membrane?
Absorptive pinocytosis
What is the main characteristic of fluid-phase pinocytosis?
Nonselective process based on solute concentration in extracellular fluid
What characterizes absorptive pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis?
Uptake of specific macromolecules with binding sites on the plasma membrane
Which type of pinocytosis is considered a property of all cells?
Fluid-phase pinocytosis
What is the origin of the vesicles formed during absorptive pinocytosis?
Invaginations (pits) coated with filamentous material
This quiz covers the proteins detected in caveolae, such as components of the signal transduction system and nitric oxide synthase, as well as the features of tight junctions in plasma membranes. Learn about the functions and locations of these important cellular structures.
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