Protein Metabolism and Amino Acid Pool

Vitamin A, particularly its beta-carotene component, is crucial for maintaining healthy vision.

Vitamin A is fat-soluble because it dissolves in fats and oils, allowing it to be stored in the body's fatty tissues.

The B vitamins primarily aid in the transformation of nutrients into energy. They act as coenzymes, assisting enzymes in facilitating metabolic processes that produce energy from food.

<p>The growing market for B complex supplements can be attributed to research demonstrating their effectiveness in promoting measurable health benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B complex supplements are popular because they provide a convenient way to ensure adequate intake of all eight B vitamins, which work together in various metabolic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thiamine (Vitamin B1) plays a crucial role in converting carbohydrates into energy, a fundamental process for maintaining bodily functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) works in conjunction with other B vitamins to facilitate the production of red blood cells, which are essential for oxygen transport throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Niacin (Vitamin B3) is essential for maintaining the health of the digestive and nervous systems by supporting various metabolic processes within these systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Component of a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism; supports normal nerve function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antioxidant; synthesis of collagen, carnitine, amino acids, and hormones; immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dermatitis, mental depression, confusion, convulsions, anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of blood calcium and phosphorus levels, proper mineralization of bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral neuropathy, breakdown of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis of proteins involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Component of coenzymes required for energy production and lipid, vitamin, mineral, and drug metabolism; antioxidant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impaired formation of red blood cells, weakness, irritability, headache, palpitations, inflammation of mouth, neural tube defects in fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Component of coenzymes used broadly in cellular metabolism, oxidation of fuel molecules, and fatty acid and steroid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B6 helps create antibodies and hemoglobin, and assists in breaking down fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folic Acid is essential for creating and maintaining healthy cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin C is crucial for wound healing, skin health, immunity, and collagen production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is vital for maintaining strong bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotin is often linked to beauty-boosting properties, particularly for hair and skin health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin B12 is crucial for metabolizing proteins and maintaining a well-functioning central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ergocalciferol (vegetarian form) and cholecalciferol (from animal sources).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin E is vital for the health of the immune system, eyes, and skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing the visible signs of aging by fighting free radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$820.18 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aiding in blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin K1 (from plants) and Vitamin K2 (from dairy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because many multivitamins already contain Vitamin K</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>13</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depletion of abundant plasma proteomics and limitation of plasma proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amino pool is depleted by the synthesis of body protein, the use of amino acids as precursors for nitrogen-containing molecules, and conversion to other biological compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein turnover involves the continuous synthesis and degradation of proteins, allowing the removal of abnormal or unneeded proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin maintains blood osmotic pressure, essential for regulating the body's electrolyte and water balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alpha globulins include proteins like alpha-fetoprotein, which is produced by the fetal liver and serves as a cancer marker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amino acid pool, though small, is central to whole-body nitrogen metabolism as it supplies amino acids for various biochemical processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globulins serve various functions including immune responses and transport of substances like iron through transferrin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albumin makes up about 60% of all proteins in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For many proteins, synthesis regulates concentration, while degradation plays a minor role; for others, synthesis is constant, controlled chiefly by selective degradation.</p> Signup and view all the answers