Protein Intake and Kidney Function Review
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of plant sources of protein like beans, nuts, and lentils?

  • They are complete proteins with all essential amino acids.
  • They are always complete proteins with all essential amino acids.
  • They are lower in essential amino acids compared to animal proteins.
  • They offer less total protein and are more likely to be incomplete proteins. (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of some plant proteins like soy, tofu, quinoa, and buckwheat?

  • They are complete proteins with all essential amino acids. (correct)
  • They are lower in essential amino acids compared to animal proteins.
  • They are always incomplete proteins.
  • They are never complete proteins with all essential amino acids.

    • Why might a well-planned plant-based diet provide the same protein-related benefits as animal protein?

  • Because plant-based diets always have more protein than animal-based diets.
  • Because a proper combination of plant sources can provide all essential amino acids. (correct)
  • Because plant-based diets always have fewer calories than animal-based diets.
  • Because plant-based diets are naturally more nutritious than animal-based diets.

    • What is a limitation of soy as a complete protein?

    <p>It is lower in the essential amino acid methionine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people choose to become vegetarians?

    <p>For a variety of reasons, including animal welfare, environmentalism, and health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for vegetarians to ensure nutritional completeness?

    <p>Accounting for potential areas where deficiencies may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Table 7.1?

    <p>To define nutrition-related terms associated with plant and animal content of a person's diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason why people choose to become vegetarians, apart from religious reasons?

    <p>For environmental reasons and animal welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the sequence and length of amino acids?

    <p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a minor function of proteins in the body?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of animal sources of protein?

    <p>Higher protein quality with all essential amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about plant sources of protein?

    <p>They typically lack at least one essential amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is composed of a folded polypeptide chain?

    <p>Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many of the 21 amino acids are essential?

    <p>Nine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has the instructions for putting amino acids in the correct order to make specific proteins?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sources are complete sources of protein?

    <p>Animal products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amount of protein, in grams per kilogram of body weight per day, was found to decrease the risk of further kidney decline?

    <p>0.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that protein quality typically refers to?

    <p>Digestibility and amino acid content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which continent generally has higher protein intake compared to the recommended amount?

    <p>North America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization recommended the PDCAAS as the industry standard for assessing protein quality?

    <p>FAO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a PDCAAS of 1.0 indicate?

    <p>High protein quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are animal products generally considered to be higher in protein quality than plant products?

    <p>Digestibility and amino acid profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the PDCAAS stand for?

    <p>Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which decade did The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recommend PDCAAS as the industry standard?

    <p>1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of study is not possible for examining the effects of human vegetarian diets and health?

    <p>Randomized control trial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be concluded from the association between vegetarian and vegan diets and several important health outcomes?

    <p>Vegetarian diets are associated with the absence of certain diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of vegetarian diets?

    <p>They are low in vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exception to the rule that plant products are absent of vitamin B12?

    <p>Nutritional yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a way to prevent deficiency in vegetarian diets?

    <p>Consuming fortified foods and supplements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are proteins made up of?

    <p>Long, folded amino acid chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets?

    <p>They can be nutritionally adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been found in epidemiological studies about cardiovascular and cancer incidence in vegetarians?

    <p>A decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which journal published a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation of vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes in 2019?

    <p>Frontiers in Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study critically reviewed the effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety, and weight loss?

    <p>The Effects of High Protein Diets on Thermogenesis, Satiety, and Weight Loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication is referenced for elements within the Nutrition Facts Table?

    <p>Government of Canada, C.F.I.A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which journal was the consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise study published?

    <p>Journal of the American College of Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication addresses branched-chain amino acid metabolism?

    <p>Annual Review of Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which study examined the promotion of lean mass accretion in young weightlifters after resistance exercise?

    <p>Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where was the review on the relation of vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes published?

    <p>Frontiers in Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which journal was the research focused on vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes conducted?

    <p>Frontiers in Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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