40 Questions
What is a characteristic of plant sources of protein like beans, nuts, and lentils?
They offer less total protein and are more likely to be incomplete proteins.
What is a characteristic of some plant proteins like soy, tofu, quinoa, and buckwheat?
They are complete proteins with all essential amino acids.
Why might a well-planned plant-based diet provide the same protein-related benefits as animal protein?
Because a proper combination of plant sources can provide all essential amino acids.
What is a limitation of soy as a complete protein?
It is lower in the essential amino acid methionine.
Why do people choose to become vegetarians?
For a variety of reasons, including animal welfare, environmentalism, and health.
What is a key consideration for vegetarians to ensure nutritional completeness?
Accounting for potential areas where deficiencies may occur.
What is the purpose of Table 7.1?
To define nutrition-related terms associated with plant and animal content of a person's diet.
What is a common reason why people choose to become vegetarians, apart from religious reasons?
For environmental reasons and animal welfare.
What determines the sequence and length of amino acids?
Genes
What is a minor function of proteins in the body?
Energy production
What is a characteristic of animal sources of protein?
Higher protein quality with all essential amino acids
What is true about plant sources of protein?
They typically lack at least one essential amino acid
What is composed of a folded polypeptide chain?
Protein
How many of the 21 amino acids are essential?
Nine
What has the instructions for putting amino acids in the correct order to make specific proteins?
DNA
What type of sources are complete sources of protein?
Animal products
What amount of protein, in grams per kilogram of body weight per day, was found to decrease the risk of further kidney decline?
0.8
What is one factor that protein quality typically refers to?
Digestibility and amino acid content
Which continent generally has higher protein intake compared to the recommended amount?
North America
Which organization recommended the PDCAAS as the industry standard for assessing protein quality?
FAO
What does a PDCAAS of 1.0 indicate?
High protein quality
Why are animal products generally considered to be higher in protein quality than plant products?
Digestibility and amino acid profile
What does the PDCAAS stand for?
Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score
In which decade did The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recommend PDCAAS as the industry standard?
1990s
What type of study is not possible for examining the effects of human vegetarian diets and health?
Randomized control trial
What can be concluded from the association between vegetarian and vegan diets and several important health outcomes?
Vegetarian diets are associated with the absence of certain diseases
What is a limitation of vegetarian diets?
They are low in vitamin B12
What is the exception to the rule that plant products are absent of vitamin B12?
Nutritional yeast
What is a way to prevent deficiency in vegetarian diets?
Consuming fortified foods and supplements
What are proteins made up of?
Long, folded amino acid chains
What can be said about well-planned vegetarian and vegan diets?
They can be nutritionally adequate
What has been found in epidemiological studies about cardiovascular and cancer incidence in vegetarians?
A decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer
Which journal published a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relation of vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes in 2019?
Frontiers in Nutrition
Which study critically reviewed the effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety, and weight loss?
The Effects of High Protein Diets on Thermogenesis, Satiety, and Weight Loss
Which publication is referenced for elements within the Nutrition Facts Table?
Government of Canada, C.F.I.A.
In which journal was the consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise study published?
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Which publication addresses branched-chain amino acid metabolism?
Annual Review of Nutrition
Which study examined the promotion of lean mass accretion in young weightlifters after resistance exercise?
Consumption of fat-free fluid milk after resistance exercise
Where was the review on the relation of vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes published?
Frontiers in Nutrition
In which journal was the research focused on vegetarian dietary patterns with major cardiovascular outcomes conducted?
Frontiers in Nutrition
Explore the relationship between protein intake, kidney function, and risk of kidney decline based on findings from large prospective epidemiological studies. Learn about the recommended daily protein intake and its impact on kidney health.
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