Prostate Infections Pathology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main distinction between the origins of carcinomas and nodular hyperplasia?

  • Carcinomas produce urinary obstruction early on while nodular hyperplasia is less likely to do so.
  • Carcinomas arise from centrally situated glands while nodular hyperplasia arises from peripheral glands.
  • Carcinomas are often palpable during digital examination while nodular hyperplasia is not.
  • Nodular hyperplasia arises from more centrally situated glands while carcinomas are palpable during digital examination. (correct)

    • What is a common cause of acute bacterial prostatitis?

  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Staphylococcus aureus (correct)
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Chlamydia trachomatis

    • How might organisms reach the prostate in cases of acute prostatitis with concomitant acute urethritis and cystitis?

  • Through direct extension from the rectum
  • Through direct extension from the prostate
  • Through direct extension from the urethra or urinary bladder (correct)
  • Through direct extension from the kidneys

    • What can follow episodes of acute prostatitis or develop insidiously without previous episodes of acute infection?

    <p>Chronic bacterial prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nonbacterial agent is implicated in nongonococcal urethritis and can also be associated with chronic prostatitis?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the pathological features of acute prostatitis?

    <p>Acute neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, congestion, and stromal edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What confirms prostatic inflammation in cases of chronic abacterial prostatitis?

    <p>Increased number of leukocytes in prostatic secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might prostatitis complicate infections from distant sites other than the urethra or urinary bladder?

    <p>Through blood from distant sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment options can inhibit the growth of many prostatic carcinomas?

    <p>Orchiectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which racial group shows a higher risk of symptomatic carcinoma at an earlier age?

    <p>Blacks &amp; Asians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested by the similar frequency of latent prostatic cancers in all races?

    <p>Race influences the growth of established lesions more than initial development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where have susceptibility loci on chromosome 1 been identified in familial cases of prostate cancer?

    <p>Chromosome 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is the incidence of carcinoma of the prostate higher in Scandinavian countries or in Japan and certain other Asian countries?

    <p>Scandinavian countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor is suggested by the increased frequency of prostatic carcinoma in certain industrial settings?

    <p>Diet high in animal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Males immigrating from low-risk to high-risk areas maintain a lower risk of prostate cancer' - What does this suggest about the risk of disease in subsequent generations?

    <p>'Risk increases'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A diet high in animal fat has been a factor' - A factor for what?

    <p>'Development of prostatic carcinoma'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a histologic diagnosis of chronic prostatitis?

    <p>Presence of tissue destruction, fibroblastic proliferation, lymphocytes, and neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition can granulomatous prostatitis be seen?

    <p>Disseminated TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature seen microscopically in granulomatous prostatitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with prostatitis?

    <p>Hemoptysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of acute prostatitis?

    <p>Fever and leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of reaction is granulomatous prostatitis to a variety of insults?

    <p>Morphologic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is caseous necrosis typically seen in prostatic tissue?

    <p>In tuberculous prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of chronic prostatitis?

    <p><strong>Poorly localized suprapubic pain</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the etiological factors associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Exposure to potential carcinogens in smegma, smoking, and HPV infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common precursor to squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Intraepithelial neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group is more commonly affected by squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Adults over 40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are squamous cell carcinomas of the penis characterized in relation to circumcision?

    <p>They are more common in uncircumcised individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is particularly associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>HPV type 16 and 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of poor hygiene in relation to squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Higher likelihood of exposure to potential smegma carcinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do early lesions of prostate cancer typically appear?

    <p>Firm, gray-white to yellow lesions just beneath the capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location for the majority of prostate cancers to arise?

    <p>Peripheral glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure usually prevents the growth of the tumor posteriorly in cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Denonvilliers fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the foci of carcinoma seen on the cut surface of the prostate?

    <p>Gray-white to yellow lesions with ill-defined margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when locally advanced prostate cancers infiltrate the seminal vesicles?

    <p>May invade adjacent soft tissues and urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure separates the lower genitourinary structures from the rectum in cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Denonvilliers fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do metastases to regional pelvic lymph nodes typically occur in cases of prostate cancer?

    <p>In early stages of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does prostate cancer typically present on rectal digital examination?

    <p>'Irregular hard' nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common etiological factor for squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Over 40 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable risk factor for developing testicular neoplasms?

    <p>Cryptorchidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human papillomavirus (HPV) types are particularly associated with squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>Types 16 and 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can precede squamous cell carcinomas of the penis and may eventually lead to carcinoma in situ?

    <p>Dysplastic changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication associated with cryptorchidism?

    <p>Testicular neoplasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

    <p>&quot;Carcinoma in situ&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Prostatic neoplasms are relatively uncommon in which group of individuals?"

    <p>&quot;Circumcised individuals&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of early lesions of prostate cancer beneath the capsule of the prostate?

    <p>Smooth and well-defined masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is urethral obstruction less likely in the initial stages of prostate cancer compared to nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>Prostate cancer arises in the outer glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, what may prevent the growth of the tumor posteriorly?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of foci of carcinoma on the cut surface of the prostate?

    <p>Sharp and well-defined margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the lower genitourinary structures from the rectum in cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Prostate capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do metastases to regional pelvic lymph nodes typically occur early in cases of prostate cancer?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do majority of prostate cancers typically arise in relation to their location within the glands?

    <p>In inner central glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major hormonal stimulus for stromal and glandular proliferation in men with nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>Dihydrotestosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the prostate is most commonly affected by hyperplastic lesions?

    <p>Transitional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of BPH?

    <p>Proliferation of both stromal and epithelial elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is significantly affected by BPH?

    <p>Men by the age of 40 and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do androgens play in the pathogenesis of BPH?

    <p>Central role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most carcinomas arise in the prostate?

    <p>Peripheral zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DHT bind to in men with nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>Nuclear androgen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reliable indicator of the presence of a nonseminomatous component to the germ cell neoplasm?

    <p>Elevated AFP levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which germ cell tumor may also secrete hCG, although at a lower rate compared to choriocarcinoma?

    <p>Seminoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hCG in patients with choriocarcinoma?

    <p>Contribute to tumor growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker indicates the presence of neoplastic syncytiotrophoblastic cells in germ cell tumors?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In germ cell tumors, what does elevation of both hCG and AFP levels suggest?

    <p>Nonseminomatous tumor with yolk sac elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of serial determinations of hCG and AFP in germ cell tumors post-therapy?

    <p>Monitoring for tumor recurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of elevated AFP levels in germ cell tumors?

    <p>Reliable indicator for nonseminomatous component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker differentiates between pure seminomas and those with nonseminomatous components?

    <p>AFP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What grading system for carcinoma of the prostate is commonly used and correlates well with the stage and prognosis of the disease?

    <p>Gleason system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How may more extensive prostate cancer disease typically manifest?

    <p>Local discomfort and lower urinary tract obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histologic feature allows the neoplastic glands of prostatic adenocarcinoma to be recognizable at high magnification?

    <p>Hyperchromatic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what percentage of cases are carcinomas localized and discovered unexpectedly during histologic examination of tissues removed for nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>~10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the neoplastic glands in prostatic adenocarcinoma differ from normal glands at high magnification?

    <p>Hyperchromatic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical manifestation may reveal aggressive carcinomas that are first noticed due to the presence of metastases?

    <p>Hard, fixed prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of prostatic carcinoma back to back glands distinguishes them under high magnification?

    <p>Intervening stroma present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker is a reliable indicator of the presence of a nonseminomatous component in germ cell neoplasms?

    <p>AFP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic tumor marker secreted by neoplastic syncytiotrophoblastic cells in choriocarcinoma?

    <p>hCG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the normal prostate contains several distinct regions, including central, peripheral, transitional, and periurethral zones?

    <p>Central zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker is commonly associated with germ cell tumors containing yolk sac (endodermal sinus) elements?

    <p>AFP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant hormonal stimulus for stromal and glandular proliferation in men with nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major grading system used for prostatic carcinoma that correlates well with the stage and prognosis of the disease?

    <p>Gleason system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the neoplastic glands of prostatic adenocarcinoma appear at high magnification?

    <p>Without intervening stroma and hyperchromatic nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of prostatic adenocarcinoma lymph node metastasis?

    <p>Left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what group of individuals are prostatic neoplasms relatively uncommon?

    <p>Females transitioning to males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tumor marker is typically elevated in choriocarcinoma and differentiates between pure seminomas and nonseminomatous components?

    <p>Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive histopathological feature of seminomas?

    <p>Distinct cell borders, clear cytoplasm, and round nuclei with nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group does embryonal carcinoma most frequently occur in?

    <p>25-35 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes prostatic adenocarcinoma from normal glands microscopically?

    <p>Back to back forming of glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of early lesions of prostate cancer beneath the capsule?

    <p>Retroperitoneal lymph node metastases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marker helps differentiate pure seminomas from those with nonseminomatous components?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of prostatic adenocarcinoma when compared to normal or hyperplastic prostate glands?

    <p>Glands are lined by a single layer of cuboidal cells with basal cell layer present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tumor marker is commonly elevated in patients with choriocarcinoma?

    <p>AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological pattern is suggestive of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a possible precursor to prostatic carcinoma?

    <p>Papillary structures and cribriform epithelial arrangements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pure seminomas from those with nonseminomatous components in germ cell tumors?

    <p>Elevation of both hCG and AFP levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscopic feature is characteristic of better-differentiated lesions of prostatic adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Single layer of cuboidal cells with conspicuous nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testicular germ cell tumor is most commonly encountered in combination with teratoma and yolk sac tumors?

    <p>Embryonal carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In testicular germ cell tumors, which type tends to metastasize earlier via lymphatic and hematogenous routes?

    <p>Teratoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which location is most common for hematogenous metastases in seminomas?

    <p>Liver and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive clinical presentation of individuals with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell neoplasms?

    <p>Widespread metastases at diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which zone of the prostate is most commonly affected by adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Peripheral zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature characterized by the presence of structures resembling primitive glomeruli in a histological section of the testis?

    <p>Schiller-Duvall bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical gross characteristic of choriocarcinomas?

    <p>Small nonpalpable lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunohistochemical staining technique can identify the hormone hCG in choriocarcinomas?

    <p>hCG staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of differentiation is represented by sheets of small cuboidal cells intermingled with large eosinophilic syncytial cells in choriocarcinomas?

    <p>Syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cells can AFP be demonstrated within the cytoplasm by immunohistochemical techniques in germ cell tumors?

    <p>Neoplastic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is more likely to produce urinary obstruction early in its course than carcinoma?

    <p>Nodular hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic pathological feature of acute prostatitis?

    <p>Neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of prostatitis accounts for most cases of chronic prostatitis?

    <p>Chronic abacterial prostatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic prostatitis, what confirms prostatic inflammation when bacteriologic findings are negative?

    <p>Increased leukocytes in prostatic secretions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant finding that suggests the presence of a nonseminomatous component in germ cell tumors?

    <p>Elevated hCG levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathological feature distinguishes back-to-back glands in prostatic carcinoma under high magnification?

    <p>Stromal and glandular proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A diet high in animal fat has been a factor' - A factor for what condition?

    <p>Prostatic adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Males immigrating from low-risk to high-risk areas maintain a lower risk of prostate cancer' - What does this suggest about the risk of disease in subsequent generations?

    <p>Increased risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major hormonal stimulus for stromal and glandular proliferation in men with nodular hyperplasia?

    <p>Androgens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature is seen microscopically in granulomatous prostatitis?

    <p>Granulomatous inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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