137 Questions
What distinguishes projects from operations?
Projects are temporary and unique, while operations are ongoing and repetitive.
When does a project end?
When it meets its objectives
What is a typical outcome of an operation?
Setting up a computer network
How do projects differ in terms of size within an organization?
Projects vary in size and can involve different numbers of people
Which of the following is an example of a project outcome?
Running a presidential election campaign
In terms of duration, what differentiates a project from an operation?
Projects are short-term and have a defined end, while operations are continuous
What distinguishes a project from an operation?
Projects have a lifecycle, while operations are ongoing and repetitive.
How is a project described in terms of time?
Projects are temporary efforts with a start and finish.
What characterizes the outcome of a project?
The outcome is a temporary result with a unique product.
Why are projects often referred to as temporary endeavors?
Because projects have a defined beginning and end.
What defines the characteristics of operations?
Operations are ongoing and repetitive.
How does a project reach completion?
By creating the planned unique product or result.
What distinguishes a project from an operation?
Projects produce unique products or results, while operations perform ongoing tasks.
Which term is often used in place of 'product, service, or result' for brevity?
Product
What is the main characteristic that distinguishes an operation from a project?
Operations do not produce new products or have a clear end.
Why is it important to understand the difference between projects and operations?
To differentiate between ongoing tasks and unique outcomes.
What common characteristic do projects and operations share according to the text?
Both are managed through planning and control.
Which of the following is an example of an operation?
Running a customer support center
What does the project management office (PMO) in an organization primarily provide?
Centralized coordinated management for projects
Which knowledge area is responsible for obtaining the team to do the project work and lead and motivate them effectively?
Human resources
Which entity is responsible for identifying, authorizing, prioritizing, and managing projects, programs, and related work to achieve specific business objectives?
Portfolio managers
What is the main responsibility of the Integration knowledge area in project management?
Manage interdependencies among different processes from different knowledge areas
In an organization that runs individual projects, what type of office can it have according to the text?
Project management office
What distinguishes the project management office (PMO) from the program management office in an organization?
The type of projects undertaken
Which action is related to the Procurement knowledge area in project management?
Ensure that the right product is developed to satisfy project needs
Which role is primarily responsible for providing centralized support for managing projects and coordinating project activities effectively?
Project management office (PMO)
In project management, which knowledge area focuses on planning the schedule and ensuring the project is completed within the planned timeline?
Time
Which knowledge area is involved in planning the budget, tracking expenses, and ensuring the project stays within financial limits?
Cost
Who is responsible for the high-level management of a set of projects or programs?
Portfolio manager
Which individual is a stakeholder in a project if the project is part of a program?
Program manager
What function does the portfolio review board serve in project management?
Selects and rejects projects based on value and risks
Which stakeholder is responsible for governance and interface with the business strategy of an organization?
Portfolio managers
In project management, who typically consists of individuals with different subject matter expertise and skills?
Project management team
What is a key challenge faced by project managers in a functional organization as stated in the text?
Being held responsible for project results with limited authority
In a functional organization, who does a project manager typically report directly to?
Functional manager
What is a defining characteristic of a projectized organization as described in the text?
Project structure organized around projects
Why is networking and leadership emphasized for project managers in a functional organization?
To ensure good relationships with team members and functional managers
What is a common role designation for project management in a functional organization other than 'project manager'?
Project coordinator
In a projectized organization, what is the level of authority of a project manager?
Full authority over the project team
What type of organizational structure places project teams under the direct control of the project manager?
Projectized organization
What type of organization is a matrix organization closer to in terms of a project manager's authority?
Functional organization
Which of the following is a characteristic of a strong matrix organizational structure?
Closer to a projectized structure
What distinguishes a matrix organization from both functional and projectized organizations in terms of a project manager's authority?
Limited autonomy for the project manager
What is the primary responsibility of a project manager in a project?
Work with the team to achieve project objectives
Which of the following is NOT a potential manager that a project manager may report to?
Project sponsor
Why is effective communication crucial for a project manager?
To avoid project failure due to lack of proper communication
In terms of communication, which approach should a project manager take when engaging with software developers?
Avoid detailed technical discussions
How should a project manager adapt their communication style when engaging with executives and marketing personnel?
Tailor communication by avoiding technical jargon and marketing lingo
What is the level of project manager's authority in a functional organizational structure?
None to little
In a matrix organizational structure, who controls the project budget?
Functional manager
What is the project manager's role in a projectized organizational structure?
Full-time
In a weak matrix organizational structure, what is the role of the project manager?
Coordinator or expediter
Who may have considerable authority in a strong matrix organization?
Project manager
Which organizational structure provides limited to high authority for the project manager?
Matrix
What is the level of project management administrative staff in a projectized organizational structure?
Full-time
Which organizational structure provides limited to little authority for the project manager according to the text?
Functional
What is the role of a project manager in a functional organizational structure?
Coordinator or expediter
Who controls the resource availability in a projectized organizational structure?
Project manager
Which knowledge area is responsible for managing interdependencies among different processes belonging to different knowledge areas?
Integration
What is the primary role of a project manager in ensuring the project stays within budget?
Cost
Who is primarily responsible for generating and distributing the required project information to stakeholders in project management?
Communications
What is the key responsibility of a project manager concerning leading and motivating the team effectively?
Human resources
In project management, which knowledge area focuses on obtaining the team to do the project work efficiently and effectively?
Human resources
Who performs high-level governance of a set of projects or programs and interfaces between projects/programs and the business strategy of the organization?
Portfolio manager
In a project team, which individual is responsible for planning, executing, and closing the project?
Project manager
What committee selects and rejects projects by reviewing them based on factors such as project value, return on investment, and risks involved?
Portfolio review board
Which individual would be considered a stakeholder in a project if the project is part of a program?
Program manager
Which entity provides centralized support for managing projects and coordinating project activities effectively?
Project management office (PMO)
In a projectized organization, what level of authority does the project manager have over the project team?
Full authority
What is a defining attribute of a project manager's role in a functional organization?
Part-time role
Which type of organizational structure is characterized by a project team with members from different functional departments?
Matrix organization
In a functional organization, who does the project manager report directly to?
Functional manager
What is a key factor contributing to the frustration of project managers in functional organizations?
Limited authority over resource assignments
Who typically has full-time administrative staff available to assist with the project in a projectized organization?
Project manager
What distinguishes a projectized organization from a functional organization in terms of structure?
Resources devoted to projects
What characterizes the level of authority of a project manager in a strong matrix organizational structure?
Full authority
What is the primary role of a portfolio review board in project management?
Approving and prioritizing projects
What is the primary purpose of a Portfolio Review Board in project management?
Identify, authorize, and prioritize projects
What is the primary role of the project management office (PMO) in an organization?
Providing centralized support for projects and coordinating project activities
Who is responsible for identifying, authorizing, prioritizing, and managing projects, programs, and related work to achieve specific business objectives?
Portfolio managers
Which entity is responsible for the high-level management of a set of projects or programs within an organization?
Project management office (PMO)
What distinguishes the project management office (PMO) from the program management office in an organization?
Level of control over individual projects
What is a defining characteristic of a portfolio as described in the text?
Coordinated management of projects, programs, and related work
What is the main responsibility of a project manager as described in the text?
Working with team members to achieve project objectives
Who may a project manager report to in terms of organizational structure?
Functional manager or executive
What is a key skill required for a project manager to effectively communicate with various stakeholders?
Wearing different communication hats as needed
What function does the Project Management Office (PMO) primarily provide?
Providing centralized support for managing projects
Who typically consists of individuals with different subject matter expertise and skills in a project?
The project team members
What is the primary difference in the role of a project manager between a functional and a projectized organizational structure?
Part-time vs. full-time involvement
In a weak matrix organizational structure, what best characterizes the role of a project manager?
Coordinator or expediter
Which organizational structure provides limited to high authority for the project manager?
Matrix
What best characterizes the administrative staff level in a projectized organizational structure?
Full-time
In a strong matrix organizational structure, who may have considerable authority?
Project manager
Which type of office is responsible for providing centralized support for managing projects and coordinating project activities effectively?
Project management office (PMO)
In terms of budget control, who controls the resource availability in a projectized organizational structure?
Project manager
What is a key function of the Portfolio Review Board in an organization?
Identifying, authorizing, prioritizing, and managing projects and programs to achieve business objectives
What distinguishes the Project Management Office (PMO) from the Program Management Office in an organization?
Providing centralized support for projects and coordinating activities effectively
A project management office (PMO) is responsible for providing decentralized management support for projects in an organization.
False
Portfolio management involves managing one or more portfolios to achieve business objectives in the strategic plan of an organization.
True
A program management office is required in every organization, regardless of whether they run individual projects or programs.
False
Project managers in a projectized organization typically have limited authority over the project team.
False
Portfolio Review Board's primary role in an organization is to review and approve individual project budgets.
False
The project team consists of the project manager, project management team, and individuals performing the work of the project.
True
The program manager is a stakeholder in a project only if the project is not part of a program.
False
Portfolio review board selects and rejects projects based on factors like project value, return on investment, and risks involved.
True
Functional managers have varying levels of authority based on their position in the hierarchy and organizational structure.
True
The Project Management Office (PMO) is the same as the Program Management Office in an organization.
False
Project managers are responsible for identifying, authorizing, prioritizing, and managing projects.
True
A Portfolio Review Board is responsible for high-level governance of a set of projects or programs within an organization.
True
Program managers lead and motivate the project team effectively to ensure project success.
False
Project Management Office (PMO) primarily provides centralized support for managing projects and coordinating project activities effectively.
True
Project team members play a key role in reporting performance information to stakeholders.
True
A project manager in a functional organization has full authority over resource assignments and team members.
False
Project managers in functional organizations are often frustrated due to their limited authority and control over project activities.
True
Networking and leadership play a crucial role in the success of a project manager in a functional organization.
True
In a projectized organization, the structure is centered around functional departments.
False
Project managers in functional organizations may be referred to as project coordinators or team leaders.
True
The project team members are not needed to perform the project work.
False
Managing stakeholder expectations involves staying on the same page with stakeholders.
True
The program management office (PMO) is responsible for providing support to program managers managing programs and unrelated projects.
True
The Project Management Office (PMO) primarily provides decentralized support for managing projects.
False
A project manager is responsible for executing the project, but not for planning or closing it.
False
Portfolio managers are responsible for high-level management of a set of projects or programs.
True
Portfolio managers and the portfolio review board are primarily responsible for managing individual projects within a program.
False
Program managers primarily provide support at a project level rather than managing multiple projects.
False
A project team is responsible for managing a set of related projects in a coordinated fashion to achieve strategic goals.
False
The project management office (PMO) is responsible for providing centralized support to project managers managing unrelated projects.
True
The project management team decides which processes need to be used in a given project.
True
Project managers in functional organizations have full authority over the project team.
False
The primary role of the Project Management Office (PMO) is to provide centralized support for managing projects and coordinating project activities effectively.
True
Portfolio managers are primarily responsible for managing individual projects.
False
Project managers report to the Portfolio Review Board in terms of organizational structure.
False
Program managers focus on overseeing individual projects within a program.
False
Project managers have full authority over resource availability in a projectized organizational structure.
True
The primary purpose of a Portfolio Review Board is to manage interdependencies among different processes belonging to different knowledge areas.
False
The main responsibility of the Integration knowledge area is to plan the budget, track expenses, and ensure the project stays within financial limits.
False
Project managers in a matrix organizational structure have limited authority over the project team.
True
Study Notes
- Projects are distinct from operations as they are temporary and unique, with projects ending once objectives are met, while operations continue to new objectives.
- Projects can vary in size and involve individuals or teams, with examples such as constructing the Eiffel Tower or running a presidential election campaign.
- Both projects and operations require resources, are managed, and are constrained to limited resources.
- A project is a temporary effort with a defined start and finish to create a unique product, service, or result.
- Project stakeholders include the project manager, project management team, program manager, portfolio managers, functional managers, and operational management.
- In a functional organization, project managers face challenges due to limited authority over resources, team members, and reporting directly to functional managers.
- In a projectized organization, the structure is organized around projects, with project managers having full authority over the project team and administrative support.
- Matrix organizations have a structure where projects are run by a project team with members from different functional departments, falling between functional and projectized organizations in terms of authority.
Explore the differences between projects and operations based on their definitions and objectives in the context of project management. Understand why projects are temporary and unique, while operations are ongoing and repetitive.
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