Programming Paradigms: POP vs OOP

Study Notes

Also known as structured programming, focuses on organizing programs into functions or procedures.
Designed as a sequence of procedures, each performing a specific task.

A programming paradigm that uses objects as fundamental building blocks.
Objects represent real-world entities with attributes (data) and behaviors (methods).

Organization: In procedural programming, data and functions are separate. In OOP, data (attributes) and methods (functions) are encapsulated within objects.
Reusability: Functions in POP can be reused, but managing related data is manual. OOP promotes reuse and extension of objects through inheritance.
Maintainability: POP can become complex with program growth; OOP's encapsulation and modularity simplify maintenance.

Encapsulation: Bundling attributes and methods that operate on the data within a single unit.
Inheritance: Mechanism allowing one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.
Polymorphism: Different objects can respond to the same method call in varied ways.
Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details, exposing only necessary object features.
Modularity: Facilitates focusing on specific system parts without needing to understand the entire system.
Reusability: Enables the repeated use of certain programs and objects.
Constructor: Special method for initializing an object’s attributes upon creation.

A blueprint or template for creating objects defining structure (attributes) and behavior (methods).
Super Class: Base ancestor class.
Sub Class: Derived or child class.
Non-static Class: Requires instantiation.
Static Class: Can be called without instantiation.

Instances of classes with unique values for attributes.
Example: For the class "Car" with methods start(), stop(), accelerate(), an object "myCar" might have attributes like color = “red” and engineState = “off”.

Current values of an object's attributes, which can change as methods are invoked.

Instance Method: Operate on instances of classes (objects).
Static Method: Belong to classes, not individual objects; do not modify attributes.

The process of creating an object from a class, e.g., MyClass objectAko = new MyClass();.

Reads user input from the java.util package.
Syntax example: Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
Common methods:
- nextLine(): Reads a complete line.
- nextInt(): Reads next input as an integer.
- nextDouble(): Reads next input as a double.
- nextBoolean(): Reads next input as a boolean.

Used to read user input from the java.io package.
Syntax example: BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
Common methods:
- read(): Reads a single character.
- readLine(): Reads a line of text.

System is a class for system-related operations; out is a static instance of PrintStream.
print() and println() methods send output to the console.
Arguments inside parentheses provide necessary information for method execution.