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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes encapsulation in OOP?
Which of the following best describes encapsulation in OOP?
What advantage does inheritance provide in OOP compared to procedure-oriented programming?
What advantage does inheritance provide in OOP compared to procedure-oriented programming?
How does polymorphism enhance OOP?
How does polymorphism enhance OOP?
Which of the following statements about modularity is true in OOP?
Which of the following statements about modularity is true in OOP?
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What is the role of a constructor in a class?
What is the role of a constructor in a class?
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What distinguishes an instance method from a static method?
What distinguishes an instance method from a static method?
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Which term refers to a class that can serve as a base for other classes?
Which term refers to a class that can serve as a base for other classes?
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What is the purpose of interfaces in object-oriented programming?
What is the purpose of interfaces in object-oriented programming?
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Which property of an object represents its current characteristics at any given moment?
Which property of an object represents its current characteristics at any given moment?
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What best describes attributes in a class?
What best describes attributes in a class?
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Study Notes
Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP)
- Also known as structured programming, focuses on organizing programs into functions or procedures.
- Designed as a sequence of procedures, each performing a specific task.
Console Programming
- Utilizes text-only interfaces within Java.
Swing Programming
- Enables the creation of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in Java.
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- A programming paradigm that uses objects as fundamental building blocks.
- Objects represent real-world entities with attributes (data) and behaviors (methods).
Key Differences Between POP and OOP
- Organization: In procedural programming, data and functions are separate. In OOP, data (attributes) and methods (functions) are encapsulated within objects.
- Reusability: Functions in POP can be reused, but managing related data is manual. OOP promotes reuse and extension of objects through inheritance.
- Maintainability: POP can become complex with program growth; OOP's encapsulation and modularity simplify maintenance.
Key Concepts of OOP
- Encapsulation: Bundling attributes and methods that operate on the data within a single unit.
- Inheritance: Mechanism allowing one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.
- Polymorphism: Different objects can respond to the same method call in varied ways.
- Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details, exposing only necessary object features.
- Modularity: Facilitates focusing on specific system parts without needing to understand the entire system.
- Reusability: Enables the repeated use of certain programs and objects.
- Constructor: Special method for initializing an object’s attributes upon creation.
Classes
- A blueprint or template for creating objects defining structure (attributes) and behavior (methods).
- Super Class: Base ancestor class.
- Sub Class: Derived or child class.
- Non-static Class: Requires instantiation.
- Static Class: Can be called without instantiation.
Objects
- Instances of classes with unique values for attributes.
- Example: For the class "Car" with methods start(), stop(), accelerate(), an object "myCar" might have attributes like color = “red” and engineState = “off”.
Attributes
- Variables within a class representing the state or characteristics of objects.
- Store data manipulated by methods.
State
- Current values of an object's attributes, which can change as methods are invoked.
Methods
- Actions performed by objects defined as functions within a class.
- Abstract Method: A method without implementation.
Interfaces
- Collections of methods indicating additional behavior a class can implement.
- Define a common set of functionalities for various classes.
Types of Methods
- Instance Method: Operate on instances of classes (objects).
- Static Method: Belong to classes, not individual objects; do not modify attributes.
Packages
- Group related classes and interfaces to eliminate naming conflicts.
- Java standard library classes are contained in the
javapackage.
Instantiation
- The process of creating an object from a class, e.g.,
MyClass objectAko = new MyClass();.
Scanner Class
- Reads user input from the
java.utilpackage. - Syntax example:
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in); - Common methods:
-
nextLine(): Reads a complete line. -
nextInt(): Reads next input as an integer. -
nextDouble(): Reads next input as a double. -
nextBoolean(): Reads next input as a boolean.
-
BufferedReader Class
- Used to read user input from the
java.iopackage. - Syntax example:
BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); - Common methods:
-
read(): Reads a single character. -
readLine(): Reads a line of text.
-
Comments in Java
-
Single Line: Initiated with double slashes
//. -
Multi-Line: Utilized with
/*and*/.
Main Method Overview
- Entry point of a Java application:
public static void main(String[] args). - public: Accessible by any method.
- static: Automatically executed by the JVM.
- void: Does not return a value.
System.out Overview
-
Systemis a class for system-related operations;outis a static instance ofPrintStream. -
print()andprintln()methods send output to the console. - Arguments inside parentheses provide necessary information for method execution.
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Description
Explore the key distinctions between Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in this quiz. Understand how these paradigms differ in organization, reusability, and maintainability. Test your knowledge on console and Swing programming in Java as well.
