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Questions and Answers
What is the primary building block of object-oriented programming?
What does encapsulation in OOP refer to?
How does OOP improve manageability compared to procedure-oriented programming?
Which OOP concept allows different objects to respond differently to the same method call?
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What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?
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What is a characteristic of a subclass?
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What distinguishes procedural programming from object-oriented programming?
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Which statement is true about non-static classes?
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Which statement correctly describes inheritance in OOP?
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What does abstraction achieve in object-oriented programming?
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What defines the attributes of an object?
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What is the role of an interface in programming?
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Which type of method does not operate on an instance of a class?
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What happens to the state of an object when a method is invoked?
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What does a package do in Java programming?
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Which of the following best describes attributes in object-oriented programming?
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What is the correct way to instantiate an object from a class named 'MyClass'?
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Which method of the Scanner class scans the next input token as a double?
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What is the purpose of importing a package in Java?
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What does the BufferedReader class primarily do?
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Which of the following is NOT a method provided by the Scanner class?
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How do you refer to the Color class in the java.awt package?
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Which method in the BufferedReader class would you use to read an entire line of text?
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What is a characteristic of the Scanner class?
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What is the purpose of the main method in a Java program?
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Which keyword in the main method denotes that the method can be accessed from other classes?
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What is the correct signature of the main method in a Java application?
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What does the 'static' keyword indicate about the main method?
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Which statement about the arguments of the main method is true?
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What does the 'println()' method do in Java?
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What is the role of the 'System.out' object in Java?
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Which of the following is not a valid way to declare the main method's arguments?
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Study Notes
Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP)
- Focuses on organizing a program into functions or procedures
- Each procedure performs a specific task
Console Programming
- Uses text-only interfaces
Swing Programming
- Creates graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- Uses objects as building blocks for software development
- Objects represent real-world entities
Key Differences: OOP vs. POP
-
Organization:
- OOP: Data and functions are encapsulated within objects
- POP: Data and functions are separate
-
Reusability:
- OOP: Objects can be reused and extended through inheritance, classes are reused and extended
- POP: Functions can be reused, but managing related data requires more manual effort
-
Maintainability:
- OOP: Encapsulation and modularity make code easier to maintain
- POP: Managing and understanding data flow can be complex as the program grows
Key Concepts of OOP
- Encapsulation: Bundling attributes and methods within one unit
- Inheritance: One class inheriting properties and behaviors from another class
- Polymorphism: Different objects responding to the same function call in different ways
- Abstraction: Hiding implementation details, only displaying necessary features
- Modularity: Coding and understanding specific parts of the system without needing to understand the entire system
- Reusability: Flexibility of reusing programs
- Constructor: A method used to initialize object attributes when an object is created
Classes
- A blueprint or template for creating objects
- Defines structure (attributes) and behavior (methods) of objects
Superclasses
- Base class, ancestor class
Subclasses
- Derived class, descendant class, child class
Non-Static Class
- Requires instantiation
Static Class
- Doesn't require instantiation
Objects
- An instance of a class
- Possesses attributes and behaviors
- Each object can have unique attribute values
Attributes
- Variables within a class that represent the state or characteristics of objects
- Store data that can be manipulated by methods
State
- The current values of object attributes
- State can change as an object interacts with methods
Methods
- Actions performed by an object
- Functions defined within a class that specify object behavior
Abstract Methods
- Empty methods
Interfaces
- A collection of methods indicating a class has specific behavior beyond its inherited properties
- Defines a common set of methods that classes can implement
Types of Methods
- Instance Method: Operates on an object (instance of the class)
- Static Method: Belongs to the class, not an instance; called on the class itself
Packages
- Group related classes and interfaces in a structured way
- Enable access only to needed groups of classes
- Eliminate potential conflicts among class names
Instantiation
- Process of creating an object from a class
- Example:
- MyClass objectAko = new MyClass();
Scanner Class
- Reads user input from the java.util package
- Declare an input Scanner in the main method to use Scanner class methods
- Syntax:
- Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
-
Methods:
- nextLine(): Reads a String
- nextInt(): Reads an integer
- nextDouble(): Reads a double
- nextFloat(): Reads a float
- nextBoolean(): Reads a boolean
- nextByte(): Reads a byte
- nextLong(): Reads a long integer
- nextShort(): Reads a short integer
BufferedReader Class
- Reads user input from the java.io package
- Syntax:
- BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
-
Methods:
- read(): Reads a single character
- readLine(): Reads a line of text
Comments in Java
- Single Line: //
- Example: // defines a class named HelloWorld
- Multi-Line: /* */
- Example:
- public class SampleNo1 // defines a class named SampleNo1 { public static void main (String [ ] args) { System.out.println (“ Java is fun! “); System.out.print (“ Let’s enjoy learning it!”); } // end of main } // end of class
- Example:
public static void main(String[] args) Method
- Entry point to the program for the JVM
- public: Accessible by other methods in the code
- static: Automatically executed by the Java VM
- void: Doesn't return any value
- main: Name of the method
- (String[] args): Accepts an array of strings as arguments
System.out.println()
- Used to send output to the screen
-
System.outis the object used for sending output -
println()is the method used to send the output - The item(s) in parenthesis are arguments which provide information for the method to carry out its action
-
println()prints the output and then moves to a new line
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Description
Explore the fundamental differences between Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP) through this quiz. Test your understanding of key concepts such as encapsulation, reusability, and maintainability in programming. Perfect for students learning software development.
