Object-Oriented vs Procedure-Oriented Programming
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary building block of object-oriented programming?

  • Procedures
  • Modules
  • Functions
  • Classes (correct)

    • What does encapsulation in OOP refer to?

  • Bundling data and methods within one unit (correct)
  • The reuse of existing code
  • Hiding complex implementation details
  • The ability to inherit properties from another class

    • How does OOP improve manageability compared to procedure-oriented programming?

  • By requiring exhaustive documentation
  • Through encapsulation and modularity (correct)
  • By focusing only on data and ignoring functions
  • It eliminates the need for functions

    • Which OOP concept allows different objects to respond differently to the same method call?

    <p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

    <p>To initialize the object's attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a subclass?

    <p>It is derived from a superclass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes procedural programming from object-oriented programming?

    <p>OOP organizes code through classes and objects, while POP focuses on procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about non-static classes?

    <p>They require instantiation to create objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes inheritance in OOP?

    <p>It allows one class to inherit properties and behaviors from another class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does abstraction achieve in object-oriented programming?

    <p>It hides the underlying complexity and shows only necessary features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the attributes of an object?

    <p>The structure of the class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of an interface in programming?

    <p>To indicate that a class contains certain behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of method does not operate on an instance of a class?

    <p>Static method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the state of an object when a method is invoked?

    <p>The current values of attributes may change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a package do in Java programming?

    <p>It groups related classes and interfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes attributes in object-oriented programming?

    <p>They represent the state or characteristics of objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to instantiate an object from a class named 'MyClass'?

    <p>MyClass objectAko = new MyClass();</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of the Scanner class scans the next input token as a double?

    <p>nextDouble()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of importing a package in Java?

    <p>To make classes from other packages accessible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the BufferedReader class primarily do?

    <p>Read user input from the console.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method provided by the Scanner class?

    <p>nextCharacter()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you refer to the Color class in the java.awt package?

    <p>java.awt.Color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method in the BufferedReader class would you use to read an entire line of text?

    <p>readLine()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the Scanner class?

    <p>It can scan input as various data types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the main method in a Java program?

    <p>To serve as the entry point for the Java Virtual Machine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which keyword in the main method denotes that the method can be accessed from other classes?

    <p>public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct signature of the main method in a Java application?

    <p>public static void main(String[] args)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'static' keyword indicate about the main method?

    <p>The method is tied to the class, not instances of the class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the arguments of the main method is true?

    <p>They can be named anything, but 'args' is a common choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'println()' method do in Java?

    <p>It outputs text and moves the cursor to a new line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the 'System.out' object in Java?

    <p>To send output to the console</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a valid way to declare the main method's arguments?

    <p>String args</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP)

    • Focuses on organizing a program into functions or procedures
    • Each procedure performs a specific task

    Console Programming

    • Uses text-only interfaces

    Swing Programming

    • Creates graphical user interfaces (GUIs)

    Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

    • Uses objects as building blocks for software development
    • Objects represent real-world entities

    Key Differences: OOP vs. POP

    • Organization:
      • OOP: Data and functions are encapsulated within objects
      • POP: Data and functions are separate
    • Reusability:
      • OOP: Objects can be reused and extended through inheritance, classes are reused and extended
      • POP: Functions can be reused, but managing related data requires more manual effort
    • Maintainability:
      • OOP: Encapsulation and modularity make code easier to maintain
      • POP: Managing and understanding data flow can be complex as the program grows

    Key Concepts of OOP

    • Encapsulation: Bundling attributes and methods within one unit
    • Inheritance: One class inheriting properties and behaviors from another class
    • Polymorphism: Different objects responding to the same function call in different ways
    • Abstraction: Hiding implementation details, only displaying necessary features
    • Modularity: Coding and understanding specific parts of the system without needing to understand the entire system
    • Reusability: Flexibility of reusing programs
    • Constructor: A method used to initialize object attributes when an object is created

    Classes

    • A blueprint or template for creating objects
    • Defines structure (attributes) and behavior (methods) of objects

    Superclasses

    • Base class, ancestor class

    Subclasses

    • Derived class, descendant class, child class

    Non-Static Class

    • Requires instantiation

    Static Class

    • Doesn't require instantiation

    Objects

    • An instance of a class
    • Possesses attributes and behaviors
    • Each object can have unique attribute values

    Attributes

    • Variables within a class that represent the state or characteristics of objects
    • Store data that can be manipulated by methods

    State

    • The current values of object attributes
    • State can change as an object interacts with methods

    Methods

    • Actions performed by an object
    • Functions defined within a class that specify object behavior

    Abstract Methods

    • Empty methods

    Interfaces

    • A collection of methods indicating a class has specific behavior beyond its inherited properties
    • Defines a common set of methods that classes can implement

    Types of Methods

    • Instance Method: Operates on an object (instance of the class)
    • Static Method: Belongs to the class, not an instance; called on the class itself

    Packages

    • Group related classes and interfaces in a structured way
    • Enable access only to needed groups of classes
    • Eliminate potential conflicts among class names

    Instantiation

    • Process of creating an object from a class
    • Example:
      • MyClass objectAko = new MyClass();

    Scanner Class

    • Reads user input from the java.util package
    • Declare an input Scanner in the main method to use Scanner class methods
    • Syntax:
      • Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
    • Methods:
      • nextLine(): Reads a String
      • nextInt(): Reads an integer
      • nextDouble(): Reads a double
      • nextFloat(): Reads a float
      • nextBoolean(): Reads a boolean
      • nextByte(): Reads a byte
      • nextLong(): Reads a long integer
      • nextShort(): Reads a short integer

    BufferedReader Class

    • Reads user input from the java.io package
    • Syntax:
      • BufferedReader read = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    • Methods:
      • read(): Reads a single character
      • readLine(): Reads a line of text

    Comments in Java

    • Single Line: //
      • Example: // defines a class named HelloWorld
    • Multi-Line: /* */
      • Example:
        • public class SampleNo1 // defines a class named SampleNo1 { public static void main (String [ ] args) { System.out.println (“ Java is fun! “); System.out.print (“ Let’s enjoy learning it!”); } // end of main } // end of class

    public static void main(String[] args) Method

    • Entry point to the program for the JVM
    • public: Accessible by other methods in the code
    • static: Automatically executed by the Java VM
    • void: Doesn't return any value
    • main: Name of the method
    • (String[] args): Accepts an array of strings as arguments

    System.out.println()

    • Used to send output to the screen
    • System.out is the object used for sending output
    • println() is the method used to send the output
    • The item(s) in parenthesis are arguments which provide information for the method to carry out its action
    • println() prints the output and then moves to a new line

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    Related Documents

    Lesson-1-OOP-Intro.pdf

    Description

    Explore the fundamental differences between Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Procedure-Oriented Programming (POP) through this quiz. Test your understanding of key concepts such as encapsulation, reusability, and maintainability in programming. Perfect for students learning software development.

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