Present Simple and Present Continuous Tenses

Present Simple

• Used to describe:
  • Habits and routines
  • General truths and facts
  • Schedules and timetables
• Formation:
  • Positive: base form of the verb (e.g. I go, you go, he/she/it goes, we go, they go)
  • Negative: do not + base form of the verb (e.g. I do not go, you do not go, etc.)
  • Question: do + subject + base form of the verb (e.g. Do I go?, Do you go?, etc.)

Present Continuous

• Used to describe:
  • Actions happening at the moment of speaking
  • Temporary or changing situations
  • Trends and developments
• Formation:
  • Positive: am/is/are + present participle of the verb (e.g. I am going, you are going, he/she/it is going, we are going, they are going)
  • Negative: am/is/are not + present participle of the verb (e.g. I am not going, you are not going, etc.)
  • Question: am/is/are + subject + present participle of the verb (e.g. Am I going?, Are you going?, etc.)

Past Perfect

• Used to describe:
  • An action that happened before another action in the past
  • An action that had a connection to the past
• Formation:
  • Positive: had + past participle of the verb (e.g. I had gone, you had gone, he/she/it had gone, we had gone, they had gone)
  • Negative: had not + past participle of the verb (e.g. I had not gone, you had not gone, etc.)
  • Question: had + subject + past participle of the verb (e.g. Had I gone?, Had you gone?, etc.)

Past Simple

• Used to describe:
  • Completed actions in the past
  • Specific times and dates in the past
• Formation:
  • Positive: past form of the verb (e.g. I went, you went, he/she/it went, we went, they went)
  • Negative: did not + base form of the verb (e.g. I did not go, you did not go, etc.)
  • Question: did + subject + base form of the verb (e.g. Did I go?, Did you go?, etc.)

Future Perfect

• Used to describe:
  • An action that will be completed at a specific point in the future
  • An action that will be connected to the future
• Formation:
  • Positive: will have + past participle of the verb (e.g. I will have gone, you will have gone, he/she/it will have gone, we will have gone, they will have gone)
  • Negative: will not have + past participle of the verb (e.g. I will not have gone, you will not have gone, etc.)
  • Question: will + subject + have + past participle of the verb (e.g. Will I have gone?, Will you have gone?, etc.)

Present Simple

• Used to describe habits and routines, general truths and facts, and schedules and timetables
• Formation:
  • Positive: base form of the verb (e.g. I go, you go, he/she/it goes, we go, they go)
  • Negative: do not + base form of the verb (e.g. I do not go, you do not go, etc.)
  • Question: do + subject + base form of the verb (e.g. Do I go?, Do you go?, etc.)

Present Continuous

• Used to describe actions happening at the moment of speaking, temporary or changing situations, and trends and developments
• Formation:
  • Positive: am/is/are + present participle of the verb (e.g. I am going, you are going, he/she/it is going, we are going, they are going)
  • Negative: am/is/are not + present participle of the verb (e.g. I am not going, you are not going, etc.)
  • Question: am/is/are + subject + present participle of the verb (e.g. Am I going?, Are you going?, etc.)

Past Perfect

• Used to describe an action that happened before another action in the past and an action that had a connection to the past
• Formation:
  • Positive: had + past participle of the verb (e.g. I had gone, you had gone, he/she/it had gone, we had gone, they had gone)
  • Negative: had not + past participle of the verb (e.g. I had not gone, you had not gone, etc.)
  • Question: had + subject + past participle of the verb (e.g. Had I gone?, Had you gone?, etc.)

Past Simple

• Used to describe completed actions in the past and specific times and dates in the past
• Formation:
  • Positive: past form of the verb (e.g. I went, you went, he/she/it went, we went, they went)
  • Negative: did not + base form of the verb (e.g. I did not go, you did not go, etc.)
  • Question: did + subject + base form of the verb (e.g. Did I go?, Did you go?, etc.)

Future Perfect

• Used to describe an action that will be completed at a specific point in the future and an action that will be connected to the future
• Formation:
  • Positive: will have + past participle of the verb (e.g. I will have gone, you will have gone, he/she/it will have gone, we will have gone, they will have gone)
  • Negative: will not have + past participle of the verb (e.g. I will not have gone, you will not have gone, etc.)
  • Question: will + subject + have + past participle of the verb (e.g. Will I have gone?, Will you have gone?, etc.)