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Questions and Answers
Which tense is used to describe actions that are true in general, habitual, or happening now?
What is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence?
What type of clause begins with a relative pronoun (who, which, that, etc.)?
What type of clause begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, etc.)?
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What is the correct form of the present perfect tense for the verb 'go'?
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What is the correct form of the future perfect continuous tense for the verb 'do'?
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Which of the following modal verbs expresses permission or possibility?
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What is the main problem with the sentence 'Me and my friend.'?
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Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?
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What is the main reason to use the passive voice in scientific or technical writing?
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Which of the following modal verbs expresses ability or permission in the past?
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How can you correct a sentence fragment?
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Study Notes
Verb Tenses
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Present Tense: used to describe actions that are true in general, habitual, or happening now
- Simple: I go, I do, I eat
- Progressive: I am going, I am doing, I am eating
- Perfect: I have gone, I have done, I have eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I have been going, I have been doing, I have been eating
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Past Tense: used to describe completed actions
- Simple: I went, I did, I ate
- Progressive: I was going, I was doing, I was eating
- Perfect: I had gone, I had done, I had eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I had been going, I had been doing, I had been eating
-
Future Tense: used to describe future actions
- Simple: I will go, I will do, I will eat
- Progressive: I will be going, I will be doing, I will be eating
- Perfect: I will have gone, I will have done, I will have eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I will have been going, I will have been doing, I will have been eating
Clause Structure
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Independent Clause: a complete sentence with a subject and a verb
- Example: I went to the store.
-
Dependent Clause: a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
- Example: because I needed milk
-
Relative Clause: a dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun (who, which, that, etc.)
- Example: The book, which is on the table, is mine.
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Subordinate Clause: a dependent clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, etc.)
- Example: I went to the store because I needed milk.
Modal Verbs
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Modal Verbs: verbs that express possibility, necessity, or obligation
- Can: ability or permission
- Could: ability or permission in the past
- May: permission or possibility
- Might: possibility
- Shall: intention or obligation
- Should: obligation or advice
- Will: intention or prediction
- Would: intention or obligation in the past
Sentence Fragments
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Sentence Fragments: incomplete sentences that lack a subject, verb, or both
- Examples: Me and my friend. (lacking a verb) / Under the bridge. (lacking a subject and verb)
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How to correct sentence fragments:
- Add a subject or verb to the fragment
- Combine the fragment with an independent clause
Passive Voice
-
Active Voice: the subject performs the action
- Example: The dog bites the man.
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Passive Voice: the subject receives the action
- Example: The man was bitten by the dog.
-
When to use passive voice:
- When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant
- When the focus is on the action's recipient
- In scientific or technical writing
Verb Tenses
- Present Tense: describes actions that are true in general, habitual, or happening now
-
Present Tense forms:
- Simple: I go, I do, I eat
- Progressive: I am going, I am doing, I am eating
- Perfect: I have gone, I have done, I have eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I have been going, I have been doing, I have been eating
- Past Tense: describes completed actions
-
Past Tense forms:
- Simple: I went, I did, I ate
- Progressive: I was going, I was doing, I was eating
- Perfect: I had gone, I had done, I had eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I had been going, I had been doing, I had been eating
- Future Tense: describes future actions
-
Future Tense forms:
- Simple: I will go, I will do, I will eat
- Progressive: I will be going, I will be doing, I will be eating
- Perfect: I will have gone, I will have done, I will have eaten
- Perfect Continuous: I will have been going, I will have been doing, I will have been eating
Clause Structure
- Independent Clause: a complete sentence with a subject and a verb
- Dependent Clause: a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence
- Relative Clause: a dependent clause that begins with a relative pronoun (who, which, that, etc.)
- Subordinate Clause: a dependent clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, although, if, etc.)
Modal Verbs
- Modal Verbs: verbs that express possibility, necessity, or obligation
- Can: ability or permission
- Could: ability or permission in the past
- May: permission or possibility
- Might: possibility
- Shall: intention or obligation
- Should: obligation or advice
- Will: intention or prediction
- Would: intention or obligation in the past
Sentence Fragments
- Sentence Fragments: incomplete sentences that lack a subject, verb, or both
- Examples: Me and my friend. (lacking a verb) / Under the bridge. (lacking a subject and verb)
-
How to correct sentence fragments:
- Add a subject or verb to the fragment
- Combine the fragment with an independent clause
Passive Voice
- Active Voice: the subject performs the action
- Passive Voice: the subject receives the action
-
When to use passive voice:
- When the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant
- When the focus is on the action's recipient
- In scientific or technical writing
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Description
Understand the concept of verb tenses in English grammar, including present, past, and their different forms like simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect continuous.
