Practical Research 1: Inquiry, Types & Ethics
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Questions and Answers

A researcher aims to understand the lived experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic without manipulating any variables. Which research approach is most suitable?

  • Explanatory research
  • Quantitative research
  • Experimental research
  • Qualitative research (correct)

Which research type is most appropriate for determining the average age of students in a university program?

  • Qualitative
  • Explanatory
  • Exploratory
  • Quantitative (correct)

A study seeks to identify the factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions. Which type of research is most suitable?

  • Explanatory research (correct)
  • Experimental research
  • Exploratory research
  • Descriptive research

In what stage of the research process would a researcher formulate a testable prediction about the relationship between variables?

<p>Formulating a hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating a new phenomenon with very little prior research. Which research approach is most appropriate?

<p>Exploratory research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to provide a detailed account of the characteristics of students, such as demographics, academic performance and extracurricular activities. Which research approach is most suitable?

<p>Descriptive research (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of a standard research report typically contains the interpretation of the findings and their implications?

<p>Discussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the research plan involves specifying the tools and procedures that will be used to gather information?

<p>Data collection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to understand the underlying causes of social anxiety. Which type of research is most suitable for this purpose?

<p>Basic Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step in the research process involves determining the specific group from which data will be collected?

<p>Sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study replicates the designs and procedures of a previous experiment. Which characteristic of research does this primarily demonstrate?

<p>Replicable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the research process does a researcher interpret patterns and relationships found in the data?

<p>Interpreting Results (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher develops a detailed plan specifying how data will be gathered and analyzed. Which stage of the research process refers to this?

<p>Research Design (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A study aims to improve the efficiency of a manufacturing process by testing different techniques and measuring the impact. What type of research is being conducted?

<p>Applied Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the relationship between sleep quality and academic performance among Grade 11 students. Which research characteristic is most important to ensure the accuracy and validity of the findings?

<p>Critical Judgement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is examining existing literature to understand previous studies related to their research problem. Which stage of the research process is the researcher undertaking?

<p>Review of Related Literature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the daily routines and social interactions of a specific indigenous community. Which qualitative research approach is most suitable?

<p>Ethnography (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pharmaceutical company is developing a new drug to treat hypertension. They conduct clinical trials to assess its safety and efficacy. According to the motive or purpose, what kind of research is this considered?

<p>Applied Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A historian is investigating the causes and consequences of World War II by analyzing primary source documents and accounts from that era. Which type of research approach is being used?

<p>Historical Approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A psychologist is exploring the lived experiences of individuals diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to understand the essence of their suffering and coping mechanisms. Which qualitative research method aligns best with this objective?

<p>Phenomenology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying a company that experienced a significant turnaround after implementing new management strategies. They collect in-depth data through interviews, document analysis, and observations. Which research strategy is most suitable?

<p>Case Study Research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A team of scientists is conducting research to understand the fundamental principles governing the behavior of subatomic particles. According to the motive or purpose, this is what kind of research?

<p>Basic Research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sociologist aims to develop a new theory about consumer behavior based on observations and interviews conducted in various shopping environments. Which qualitative research approach is most aligned with this goal?

<p>Grounded Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical consideration when conducting research involving animal subjects?

<p>Avoiding unnecessary harm to animals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section of a research report explains how the study addresses a gap in existing knowledge and why it matters?

<p>Significance of the Study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher aims to study the impact of social media on teenage mental health, but only focuses on teenagers in urban areas. Which section specifies this geographical boundary?

<p>Scope and Delimitation of the Study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a research paper about the effectiveness of a new teaching method, where would you find the explanation of 'pedagogical innovation' as it is used within the study?

<p>Definition of Terms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the correlation between exercise and stress levels. Which part of the research clearly articulates this relationship and how it operates within the study's framework?

<p>Expected outcome of the research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section of a research paper would a researcher present a synthesis of existing studies related to their topic?

<p>Review of Related Literature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A graduate student is preparing to defend their thesis. When explaining their research, which part of the introduction would be most suited to describe the central goal of their work?

<p>Describing the focus and purpose of the paper. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which section outlines the specific tools and procedures used to gather data in a research project?

<p>Methodology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher wants to improve the introduction to their study on educational video games. Which element would be most effective to add?

<p>The background and motivation for the research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of scientific research is MOST compromised when a researcher selectively reports data that supports their hypothesis, while omitting data that contradicts it?

<p>Being Methodical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is deciding whether to use a qualitative case study or a quantitative survey for their research. Which characteristic of scientific research should primarily guide this decision?

<p>Analytical nature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST direct violation of 'Respect for Intellectual Property'?

<p>Presenting someone else's ideas or work as your own without attribution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist reviews a colleague's research proposal and suggests a different statistical analysis method that may yield more accurate results. Which principle of scientific research is exemplified?

<p>Openness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A research team is under pressure to publish significant findings quickly. Which action would MOST compromise the principle of carefulness?

<p>Skipping some steps in data verification to expedite the publication process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is maintaining confidentiality in research MOST critical?

<p>Conducting interviews with participants about sensitive personal experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher makes a commitment to share their data and methodology openly upon publication of their findings. This action demonstrates primarily:

<p>Integrity and openness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation exemplifies a researcher acting with integrity?

<p>Acknowledging the limitations of their study and potential sources of bias. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

A Priori Knowledge

Knowledge gained independently of experience, through reasoning.

A Posteriori Knowledge

Knowledge derived from experience and observation.

Objectivity

Avoiding bias in research.

Integrity

Upholding promises and acting with sincerity.

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Carefulness

Careful work avoiding errors and negligence.

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Openness

Sharing data and being receptive to new ideas.

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Respect for Intellectual Property

Giving proper credit and avoiding plagiarism.

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Confidentiality

Protecting private information.

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Research

A systematic process of collecting and analyzing information or data to achieve a specific goal.

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Basic Research

Driven by curiosity and expands our knowledge without a specific practical problem.

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Applied Research

Aims to answer a specific question with direct real-world applications.

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Epistemology

The study of how we acquire knowledge.

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Critical Research

Exhibits carefully studied judgement.

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Identifying the Problem

The first stage of the research process of specifying the problem to be addressed.

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Review of Literature

Reviewing previous studies and information related to the research topic.

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Formulating Hypothesis

Formulating a testable educated guess about the expected outcome of the research.

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Animal Care in Research

Showing respect and care for animals used in research.

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Human Subjects Protection

Minimizing risks and maximizing benefits when conducting research on human subjects; respecting dignity and privacy.

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Phenomenology

Understanding how individuals experience a phenomenon.

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Ethnography

Describing the culture of a group of people.

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Case Study Research

Providing a detailed account of one or more cases.

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Grounded Theory

Generating theory from data collected by the researcher.

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Quantitative Research

Research involving strict control of variables.

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Non-experimental Research

Research without strict control of variables; often observational.

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Quantitative Data Research

Research where data can be measured numerically.

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Exploratory Research

Initial research to explore and define questions.

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Descriptive Research

Research describing existing phenomena.

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Explanatory Research

Research explaining relationships between variables.

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Four Steps in Standard Format

A standard research format: Introduction, Methodology, Result, Discussion.

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Research Planning (Initial Steps)

Initial steps in planning a research project.

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Research Outcome

The expected outcome of the research, explains the correlation between variables.

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Significance of Study

Details the contributions of the study; explains who will benefit from the findings.

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Scope and Delimitation

Specifies what the study covers and, importantly, what it does not cover.

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Definition of Terms

Explains critical terms as they're used within the study (especially from the title).

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Review of Related Literature (RRL)

A summary of existing published research relevant to your study.

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Introduction (in Research)

Gives context, motivation, describes paper's focus, introduces problem.

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Introduction - Background

Provides background and motivation for your topic.

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Introduction - Focus/Purpose

Describes the focus and purpose of the paper.

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Study Notes

  • Practical Research 1 is reviewed in the second semester, third quarter.

Nature of Inquiry and Research

  • Research is a systematic process of collecting and logically analyzing information or data.

Research Categories

  • Basic research expands knowledge through curiosity.
  • Applied research addresses specific, real-world questions.

Characteristics, Process, and Ethics in Research

  • Epistemology studies how we acquire knowledge, answering "how do we know?".

Types of Knowledge

  • A priori knowledge is independent of experience and relies on reasoning or deduction.
  • A posteriori knowledge involves deductive reasoning supported by facts.

Characteristics of Scientific Research

  • Empirical research is based on direct experience or observation.
  • Logical research follows valid processes and principles.
  • Analytical research uses analytical procedures to gather data.
  • Methodical research is conducted without bias.
  • Replicable research can have its designs and procedures repeated.
  • Critical research exhibits carefully studied judgement.

Stages of Research Process

  • Identify and delimit the problem
  • Review related literature
  • Develop a theoretical framework
  • Formulate a hypothesis
  • Select a research design
  • Sampling
  • Choose methods to collect research data
  • Finalize and review the research plan
  • Collect the data
  • Prepare the data analysis
  • Analyze the data
  • Interpret the results
  • Draw conclusions
  • Communicate and publish findings
  • Utilize the findings

Ethical Norms in Research

  • Honesty is key in scientific communications.
  • Objectivity avoids bias.
  • Integrity means keeping promises and agreements and acting with sincerity.
  • Carefulness avoids careless errors.
  • Openness involves sharing data and being open to criticism.
  • Respect for intellectual property means giving credit where due and avoiding plagiarism.
  • Confidentiality protects communications.
  • Animal care requires respect and avoiding unnecessary experiments.
  • Human subjects protection minimizes harms and respects dignity and privacy.

Kinds of Research

  • Basic research generates new knowledge.
  • Applied/practical research has immediate usefulness.
  • Experimental research needs strict variable control.
  • Non-experimental research has no strict variable control.
  • Qualitative research is measured.
  • Quantitative research can be counted.
  • Exploratory research explores research questions.
  • Descriptive research describes existing phenomena.
  • Explanatory research explains relationships between variables.

Types of Qualitative Research

  • Phenomenology understands experiences.
  • Ethnography describes the culture of a group.
  • Case study research details specific cases.
  • Grounded theory develops theory from collected data.
  • Historical approach studies past events.
  • Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method are types of research.

Steps at the University of Assumption

  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Results
  • Discussion

Research Process During Planning

  • Problem
  • Objectives
  • Statement of the problem and research question
  • Related literature
  • Significance of the study
  • Scope and delimitation
  • Hypothesis
  • Conceptual or theoretical framework
  • Definition of terms
  • Design
  • Research tools for data collection
  • Plan for data analysis
  • Conclusion and recommendation
  • Writing the research report or result
  • Presentation

Standard Format Items

  • Introduction
  • Methodology
  • Results
  • Discussion

Writing a Research Report Introduction

  • States the significance of the study and poses the problem
  • Provides background and motivation
  • Describes the paper's focus and purpose

Relevant Ideas

  • Topic or subject matter should be defined and elaborated,
  • Importance of the topic should be cited.
  • Reasons to choose the topic should be emphasized.
  • Purpose of the study should be discussed.

Introduction Sections

  • Background of the study outlines what led to the research and its purpose.
  • Statement of the problem is the main issue the research addresses.
  • Hypothesis expects research outcomes and explains variable relationships.
  • Significance of the study tells the reader how the study contributes and who benefits.
  • Scope and delimitation determines the study's coverage and limitations.
  • Definition of terms defines technical terms as used in the study.
  • Review of related literature summarizes relevant published research.

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Description

Overview of Practical Research 1, second semester, third quarter. Explores the nature of inquiry, research categories (basic vs. applied), characteristics, processes, and ethics in research. Covers epistemology, types of knowledge (a priori and a posteriori), and characteristics of scientific research.

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