Polysaccharides and Carbohydrate Structures
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Questions and Answers

Which type of macromolecule is used for energy storage and structural support?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

    • What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?

  • Triglycerides
  • Monosaccharides (correct)
  • Polysaccharides
  • Disaccharides

    • Which type of lipid is most commonly found in the body?

  • Polyunsaturated fats
  • Triglycerides (correct)
  • Unsaturated fats
  • Saturated fats

    • What are the building blocks of proteins called?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary framework for molecules?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bonds are formed between carbon and hydrogen atoms?

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are molecules with the same molecular or variable formulas but constructed in different ways called?

    <p>Isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be broken down further called?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is made up of fatty acids and glycerol?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule has a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule stores genetic information and allows transmission from one generation to the next?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule has triglycerides and phospholipids as its subtypes?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule has isomers?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about polysaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides are used for energy storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in animals?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of fat in the body?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about unsaturated triglycerides?

    <p>They have one missing hydrogen ion and are not completely saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about proteins?

    <p>Proteins are composed of polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about peptides?

    <p>Peptides are formed by joining amino acids together using dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

    <p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    <p>The linear sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of hemoglobin?

    <p>To transport oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

    <p>It affects the function of hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the main difference between RNA and DNA?

    <p>RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

    <p>James Watson and Francis Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>Stores genetic information and allows for its transmission from one generation to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding molecular complexity crucial for understanding molecular pathways?

    <p>Background knowledge provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of background knowledge in understanding complex molecules and molecular pathways?

    <p>Background knowledge provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following macromolecules is hydrophobic and used for energy storage, insulation, and structural support?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of lipids, made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is involved in genetic information storage and transfer?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nucleic acid is double-stranded and stores genetic information?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lipids and steroids?

    <p>Lipids have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

    <p>Primary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

    <p>It alters the shape and function of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>To store genetic information and allow transmission from one generation to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological group of lipids?

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of phospholipids?

    <p>Cell membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in plants?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about saturated triglycerides?

    <p>They have no open or double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about proteins?

    <p>They are made up of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about peptides?

    <p>Peptides can be broken down through hydrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of a protein?

    <p>The linear sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

    <p>It causes hemoglobin to have non-polar properties and form a sickle shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule has triglycerides and phospholipids as its subtypes?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins called?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

    <p>DNA is a double helix and stores genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

    <p>James Watson and Francis Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of RNA?

    <p>RNA translates genetic information from DNA into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mutations in DNA?

    <p>Mutations in DNA can affect the structure and function of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is understanding molecular complexity crucial for understanding molecular pathways?

    <p>Molecular complexity provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about monosaccharides?

    <p>Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be broken down further.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about disaccharides?

    <p>Disaccharides are formed by linking two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about polysaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides are long complex chains of monosaccharide units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about isomers?

    <p>Isomers have the same chemical formula but differ in structure and orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about carbohydrates?

    <p>Carbohydrates have various roles in organisms, including energy transformation, storage, and structural support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is hydrophobic and used for energy storage, insulation, and structural support?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of lipids made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>Genetic information storage and transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins called?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in plants?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins called?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid is most commonly found in the body?

    <p>Triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the structure of lipids?

    <p>Phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphorous group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the primary structure of proteins?

    <p>It refers to the sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hemoglobin?

    <p>It binds to oxygen in red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about sickle cell anemia?

    <p>It is caused by a single amino acid change in hemoglobin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about nucleic acids?

    <p>RNA translates genetic information from DNA into proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lipids?

    <p>Lipids are smaller and simpler than proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about steroids?

    <p>Steroids have a unique structure with four fused rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of cholesterol?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of proteins determined by?

    <p>The order in which amino acids are laid out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the building blocks of proteins called?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the difference between RNA and DNA?

    <p>RNA is a single helix and translates genetic information from DNA into proteins, while DNA is a double helix and stores genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the nucleic acids in RNA and DNA?

    <p>RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

    <p>James Watson and Francis Crick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA?

    <p>DNA stores genetic information and allows for its transmission from one generation to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can mutations in DNA affect?

    <p>The structure and function of proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about peptides?

    <p>Peptides can be broken down through hydrolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about protein structure?

    <p>Protein structure is determined by the linear sequence of amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

    <p>The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

    <p>It causes hemoglobin to have non-polar properties and form a sickle shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleic acids store information for cell growth and reproduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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