Polysaccharides and Carbohydrate Structures
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Questions and Answers

Which type of macromolecule is used for energy storage and structural support?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

What are the monomers of carbohydrates called?

  • Triglycerides
  • Monosaccharides (correct)
  • Polysaccharides
  • Disaccharides

Which type of lipid is most commonly found in the body?

  • Polyunsaturated fats
  • Triglycerides (correct)
  • Unsaturated fats
  • Saturated fats

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?

<p>RNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is found in RNA but not in DNA?

<p>Uracil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary framework for molecules?

<p>Carbon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonds are formed between carbon and hydrogen atoms?

<p>Covalent bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are molecules with the same molecular or variable formulas but constructed in different ways called?

<p>Isomers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the simplest carbohydrates that cannot be broken down further called?

<p>Monosaccharides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is made up of fatty acids and glycerol?

<p>Lipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule has a primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure?

<p>Proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule stores genetic information and allows transmission from one generation to the next?

<p>Nucleic acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule has triglycerides and phospholipids as its subtypes?

<p>Lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule has isomers?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about polysaccharides?

<p>Polysaccharides are used for energy storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in animals?

<p>Glycogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of fat in the body?

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about unsaturated triglycerides?

<p>They have one missing hydrogen ion and are not completely saturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about proteins?

<p>Proteins are composed of polymers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about peptides?

<p>Peptides are formed by joining amino acids together using dehydration synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

<p>Primary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

<p>The linear sequence of amino acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hemoglobin?

<p>To transport oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

<p>It affects the function of hemoglobin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the main difference between RNA and DNA?

<p>RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>Stores genetic information and allows for its transmission from one generation to the next (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding molecular complexity crucial for understanding molecular pathways?

<p>Background knowledge provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of background knowledge in understanding complex molecules and molecular pathways?

<p>Background knowledge provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following macromolecules is hydrophobic and used for energy storage, insulation, and structural support?

<p>Lipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of lipids, made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule?

<p>Triglycerides (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is involved in genetic information storage and transfer?

<p>Nucleic acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleic acid is double-stranded and stores genetic information?

<p>DNA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lipids and steroids?

<p>Lipids have a hydrophobic and hydrophilic side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of protein structure?

<p>Primary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

<p>It alters the shape and function of hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nucleic acid is involved in protein synthesis?

<p>RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>To store genetic information and allow transmission from one generation to the next (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological group of lipids?

<p>Monosaccharides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids?

<p>Cell membrane structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in plants?

<p>Cellulose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about saturated triglycerides?

<p>They have no open or double bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about proteins?

<p>They are made up of amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about peptides?

<p>Peptides can be broken down through hydrolysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

<p>The linear sequence of amino acids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

<p>It causes hemoglobin to have non-polar properties and form a sickle shape. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule has triglycerides and phospholipids as its subtypes?

<p>Lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

<p>DNA is a double helix and stores genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of RNA?

<p>RNA translates genetic information from DNA into proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of mutations in DNA?

<p>Mutations in DNA can affect the structure and function of proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding molecular complexity crucial for understanding molecular pathways?

<p>Molecular complexity provides a foundation for understanding molecular pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about monosaccharides?

<p>Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be broken down further. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about disaccharides?

<p>Disaccharides are formed by linking two monosaccharides through dehydration synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about polysaccharides?

<p>Polysaccharides are long complex chains of monosaccharide units. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about isomers?

<p>Isomers have the same chemical formula but differ in structure and orientation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about carbohydrates?

<p>Carbohydrates have various roles in organisms, including energy transformation, storage, and structural support. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is hydrophobic and used for energy storage, insulation, and structural support?

<p>Lipids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of lipids made up of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule?

<p>Triglycerides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

<p>Proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>Genetic information storage and transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a structural component of carbohydrates found in plants?

<p>Starch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>Genetic information storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macromolecule is made up of amino acids and used for structural support, movement, and enzymatic activity?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is most commonly found in the body?

<p>Triglycerides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the structure of lipids?

<p>Phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphorous group. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of proteins?

<p>It refers to the sequence of amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemoglobin?

<p>It binds to oxygen in red blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about sickle cell anemia?

<p>It is caused by a single amino acid change in hemoglobin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about nucleic acids?

<p>RNA translates genetic information from DNA into proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lipids?

<p>Lipids are smaller and simpler than proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about steroids?

<p>Steroids have a unique structure with four fused rings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of proteins determined by?

<p>The order in which amino acids are laid out (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the building blocks of proteins called?

<p>Amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the difference between RNA and DNA?

<p>RNA is a single helix and translates genetic information from DNA into proteins, while DNA is a double helix and stores genetic information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the nucleic acids in RNA and DNA?

<p>RNA has uracil while DNA has thymine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were awarded the Nobel Prize for determining the structure of DNA?

<p>James Watson and Francis Crick (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA?

<p>DNA stores genetic information and allows for its transmission from one generation to the next. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can mutations in DNA affect?

<p>The structure and function of proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about peptides?

<p>Peptides can be broken down through hydrolysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about protein structure?

<p>Protein structure is determined by the linear sequence of amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the quaternary structure of proteins?

<p>The quaternary structure is the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a protein. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a single amino acid change in hemoglobin?

<p>It causes hemoglobin to have non-polar properties and form a sickle shape. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about nucleic acids?

<p>Nucleic acids store information for cell growth and reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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