16 Questions
What are macromolecules composed of?
Monomers bound together
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
Energy storage and structural support
What type of molecules are hydrophobic?
Lipids
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Transmitting and expressing genetic information
What are the polymers of nucleic acids?
Polynucleotides
What is an example of a carbohydrate?
Glucose
How many different amino acids are there?
20
What is the primary function of lipids in the body?
Energy storage, membrane structure, and steroid function
What is the characteristic of lipids that determines their behavior in water?
Hydrophobic (water-fearing)
What is the polymer formed by the bonding of amino acids?
Polypeptide
What is the monomer unit of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the function of proteins in cells?
Important for all cellular functions
What is the term for the long chains of monosaccharides?
Polysaccharides
What are the four main categories of macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What is the term for the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
Study Notes
Macromolecules
- Large structures that make up all living organisms
- Composed of polymers, which are formed by binding multiple monomers together
Types of Macromolecules
- Categorized into four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
- Primary function: main fuel source and structural support for plants
- Monomers: monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
- Polymers: polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides)
- Example: glucose, an energy source for the body that produces ATP
Lipids
- Variety of functions: energy storage, membrane formation, and steroid function
- No monomers or polymers
- Characteristics: hydrophobic (water-repelling)
- Composed of: fats, phospholipids, and steroids
- Fats: can be saturated or unsaturated
- Phospholipids: form cellular membrane with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
- Steroids: regulate sex hormones
Proteins
- Crucial for all cellular functions
- Monomers: amino acids (20 different types)
- Polymers: polypeptides (function dependent on amino acid folding)
- Folding types: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Nucleic Acids
- Primary function: transmit and express genetic information
- Monomers: nucleotides (nitrogenous bases: A, T, C, G, U)
- Polymers: polynucleotides (strands of DNA and RNA)
Macromolecules
- Large structures that make up all living organisms
- Composed of polymers, which are formed by binding multiple monomers together
Types of Macromolecules
- Categorized into four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
- Primary function: main fuel source and structural support for plants
- Monomers: monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
- Polymers: polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides)
- Example: glucose, an energy source for the body that produces ATP
Lipids
- Variety of functions: energy storage, membrane formation, and steroid function
- No monomers or polymers
- Characteristics: hydrophobic (water-repelling)
- Composed of: fats, phospholipids, and steroids
- Fats: can be saturated or unsaturated
- Phospholipids: form cellular membrane with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
- Steroids: regulate sex hormones
Proteins
- Crucial for all cellular functions
- Monomers: amino acids (20 different types)
- Polymers: polypeptides (function dependent on amino acid folding)
- Folding types: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
Nucleic Acids
- Primary function: transmit and express genetic information
- Monomers: nucleotides (nitrogenous bases: A, T, C, G, U)
- Polymers: polynucleotides (strands of DNA and RNA)
Learn about macromolecules, the large structures that make up all living organisms, and their subcategories including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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