Biology: Macromolecules
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Questions and Answers

What are macromolecules composed of?

  • Polysaccharides only
  • Polymers bound together
  • Monosaccharides only
  • Monomers bound together (correct)
  • What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

  • Protein synthesis and cell signaling
  • Energy storage and structural support (correct)
  • Genetic information transmission
  • Membrane function and steroid function
  • What type of molecules are hydrophobic?

  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins
  • Lipids (correct)
  • Carbohydrates
  • What are the monomers of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Transmitting and expressing genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

    <p>Polynucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a carbohydrate?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different amino acids are there?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipids in the body?

    <p>Energy storage, membrane structure, and steroid function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of lipids that determines their behavior in water?

    <p>Hydrophobic (water-fearing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the polymer formed by the bonding of amino acids?

    <p>Polypeptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the monomer unit of carbohydrates?

    <p>Monosaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proteins in cells?

    <p>Important for all cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the long chains of monosaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four main categories of macromolecules?

    <p>Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the building blocks of nucleic acids?

    <p>Nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Macromolecules

    • Large structures that make up all living organisms
    • Composed of polymers, which are formed by binding multiple monomers together

    Types of Macromolecules

    • Categorized into four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

    Carbohydrates

    • Primary function: main fuel source and structural support for plants
    • Monomers: monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
    • Polymers: polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides)
    • Example: glucose, an energy source for the body that produces ATP

    Lipids

    • Variety of functions: energy storage, membrane formation, and steroid function
    • No monomers or polymers
    • Characteristics: hydrophobic (water-repelling)
    • Composed of: fats, phospholipids, and steroids
    • Fats: can be saturated or unsaturated
    • Phospholipids: form cellular membrane with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
    • Steroids: regulate sex hormones

    Proteins

    • Crucial for all cellular functions
    • Monomers: amino acids (20 different types)
    • Polymers: polypeptides (function dependent on amino acid folding)
    • Folding types: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

    Nucleic Acids

    • Primary function: transmit and express genetic information
    • Monomers: nucleotides (nitrogenous bases: A, T, C, G, U)
    • Polymers: polynucleotides (strands of DNA and RNA)

    Macromolecules

    • Large structures that make up all living organisms
    • Composed of polymers, which are formed by binding multiple monomers together

    Types of Macromolecules

    • Categorized into four main groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

    Carbohydrates

    • Primary function: main fuel source and structural support for plants
    • Monomers: monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
    • Polymers: polysaccharides (long chains of monosaccharides)
    • Example: glucose, an energy source for the body that produces ATP

    Lipids

    • Variety of functions: energy storage, membrane formation, and steroid function
    • No monomers or polymers
    • Characteristics: hydrophobic (water-repelling)
    • Composed of: fats, phospholipids, and steroids
    • Fats: can be saturated or unsaturated
    • Phospholipids: form cellular membrane with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
    • Steroids: regulate sex hormones

    Proteins

    • Crucial for all cellular functions
    • Monomers: amino acids (20 different types)
    • Polymers: polypeptides (function dependent on amino acid folding)
    • Folding types: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

    Nucleic Acids

    • Primary function: transmit and express genetic information
    • Monomers: nucleotides (nitrogenous bases: A, T, C, G, U)
    • Polymers: polynucleotides (strands of DNA and RNA)

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    Description

    Learn about macromolecules, the large structures that make up all living organisms, and their subcategories including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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