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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a biopolymer?
Which of the following is NOT considered a biopolymer?
Hydrolysis is a process that splits bonded monomers using a water molecule.
Hydrolysis is a process that splits bonded monomers using a water molecule.
True
What is the primary function of glucose in cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of glucose in cellular respiration?
To make ATP
A ___ is the building block unit of biomolecules.
A ___ is the building block unit of biomolecules.
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Match the type of biomolecule with its example:
Match the type of biomolecule with its example:
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Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage?
Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage?
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Carbohydrates can be found in rocks.
Carbohydrates can be found in rocks.
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What is the primary function of proteins embedded in cell membranes?
What is the primary function of proteins embedded in cell membranes?
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Lipids are primarily responsible for most of the weight of the dehydrated brain.
Lipids are primarily responsible for most of the weight of the dehydrated brain.
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What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
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___ is the process that produces maltose from two glucose molecules.
___ is the process that produces maltose from two glucose molecules.
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Match the following proteins with their functions:
Match the following proteins with their functions:
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Which of the following best describes the term 'polymer'?
Which of the following best describes the term 'polymer'?
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Proteins are the smallest type of protein in the body.
Proteins are the smallest type of protein in the body.
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Name two types of fatty acids that are important for brain health.
Name two types of fatty acids that are important for brain health.
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The monomer of proteins is called an ___ acid.
The monomer of proteins is called an ___ acid.
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What is the primary product of cellular respiration?
What is the primary product of cellular respiration?
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Fermentation occurs only when oxygen is present.
Fermentation occurs only when oxygen is present.
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What does NADH represent in the process of cellular respiration?
What does NADH represent in the process of cellular respiration?
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1 glucose can produce _______ ATP in the best-case scenario.
1 glucose can produce _______ ATP in the best-case scenario.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which of the following are examples of omega-rich foods?
Which of the following are examples of omega-rich foods?
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Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can be synthesized by the body.
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can be synthesized by the body.
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What are the simplest carbohydrate monomers called?
What are the simplest carbohydrate monomers called?
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The most common monosaccharide is ________.
The most common monosaccharide is ________.
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Match the following carbohydrates with their descriptions:
Match the following carbohydrates with their descriptions:
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What process involves monosaccharides bonding together?
What process involves monosaccharides bonding together?
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Trans and saturated fats can support brain health.
Trans and saturated fats can support brain health.
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Name one function of neurotransmitters in relation to mood.
Name one function of neurotransmitters in relation to mood.
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Which type of carbohydrate is the most common in the market?
Which type of carbohydrate is the most common in the market?
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A high glycemic food causes a rapid release of glucose into the blood.
A high glycemic food causes a rapid release of glucose into the blood.
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A diet with a range of foods helps maintain a ________ combination of brain messengers.
A diet with a range of foods helps maintain a ________ combination of brain messengers.
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Which of the following carbohydrates is known as 'table sugar'?
Which of the following carbohydrates is known as 'table sugar'?
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What is the stored form of glucose in animals?
What is the stored form of glucose in animals?
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Plant-based food items such as potato, rice, or bread primarily contain ______.
Plant-based food items such as potato, rice, or bread primarily contain ______.
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Match the carbohydrate type with its description:
Match the carbohydrate type with its description:
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Which food items are suggested for sustained brain power due to their nutrient-rich content?
Which food items are suggested for sustained brain power due to their nutrient-rich content?
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Excess carbohydrates are quickly utilized by the body without storage.
Excess carbohydrates are quickly utilized by the body without storage.
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What may continuous glucose in the bloodstream lead to?
What may continuous glucose in the bloodstream lead to?
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Unsaturated fats have ______ or more double bonds.
Unsaturated fats have ______ or more double bonds.
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Where is glucose primarily stored in the body?
Where is glucose primarily stored in the body?
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Study Notes
General Biology I - Biomolecules
- Biomolecules are synthesized by living things. They are molecules with carbon and sustain life. Geological processes cannot create them, but they can move through geological processes.
- Macromolecules are large biological molecules. All living things are composed of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
- Monomers are the building blocks of biomolecules, single units. Amino acids are monomers of polypeptides (proteins)
- Polymers are complex biomolecules formed from many monomers. Starch is a polymer of glucose.
- Carbohydrates are a major energy source. Examples include bread, pasta, fruit, and vegetables. Monomer is monosaccharide (e.g., glucose).
- Lipids store long-term energy, form cell membranes, and contribute to insulation. Examples include butter or olive oil. Monomers include fatty acids and glycerol.
- Proteins have diverse functions including structure, movement, and defense. Examples include beans, meat, nuts, and eggs. Monomer is amino acid.
- Nucleic acids contain genetic information. DNA and RNA are examples. Monomer is a nucleotide.
- Dehydration/condensation reactions create polymers by removing water molecules. Conversely, hydrolysis breaks down polymers into monomers using water.
General Biology I - Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars (e.g., glucose, fructose, galactose).
- Disaccharides are formed from two monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose, lactose)
- Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides (e.g., starch, glycogen, cellulose).
- Cellulose provides structure for plant cell walls, while starch and glycogen are storage forms of glucose.
General Biology I - Lipids
- Lipids are hydrophobic and include triglycerides (fats and oils), phospholipids, and steroids.
- Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids and serve as a major energy storage form.
- Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes, with a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
- Steroids have diverse functions including hormones and cholesterol.
General Biology I - Proteins
- Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
- There are 20 different amino acids, 11 of which are nonessential and 9 are essential.
- Proteins have diverse functions including structure, movement, defense, catalysis (as enzymes), signaling, and transport.
General Biology I - Nucleic Acids
- Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides.
- Each nucleotide has three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), and a nitrogenous base.
- The nitrogenous bases are adenine, thymine (in DNA), uracil (in RNA), cytosine, and guanine.
General Biology I - Energy Transformation
- Cells transform energy from one form to another. Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.
- Cellular respiration is a process of releasing energy from glucose that occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
General Biology I - Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.
- Key pigments like chlorophyll are crucial in the process.
- Photosynthesis occurs in two parts: light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
General Biology I - Cellular Respiration
- Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP.
- Three stages of cellular respiration:
- Glycolysis, which takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- Krebs cycle (also called the Citric Acid cycle).
- Electron transport chain (ETC), which takes place in the mitochondria.
- The Krebs cycle and ETC require oxygen.
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Description
Test your knowledge of biomolecules, their structure, and functions in living organisms. This quiz covers macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, along with their monomers and polymers. Understand the vital roles these biomolecules play in life and energy storage.
