Biology Chapter on Macromolecules

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Questions and Answers

How is lactose classified?

as a disaccharide

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires?

removal of a water molecule

The element nitrogen is found in all of the following except?

nucleotides

monosaccharides (correct)

proteins

amino acids

Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to?

function in the synthesis of protein Signup and view all the answers

What is a triglyceride?

a lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol Signup and view all the answers

A compound with the molecular formula C8H16O8 is most likely what type of macromolecule?

carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

peptide bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

hydrogen bonds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are pyrimidines?

Cytosine Signup and view all the answers

Which best summarizes the difference between DNA and RNA?

DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

An organic compound must contain at least one atom of?

carbon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding isomers?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Energy is stored in what part of ATP?

the third phosphate-phosphate bond Signup and view all the answers

Simple hydrocarbon chains are generally hydrophobic because they lack?

both polar and charged atoms Signup and view all the answers

Saturated fatty acids?

lack double bonds between carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functional groups are found on amino acids?

Both B and C Signup and view all the answers

Amino acids can be classified as?

both polar and non-polar Signup and view all the answers

An enzyme?

speeds up a chemical reaction Signup and view all the answers

A hexose sugar contains?

six carbon atoms Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates

Lactose is classified as a disaccharide, consisting of glucose and galactose linked by a glycosidic bond.
A compound with the formula C8H16O8 indicates the presence of a carbohydrate.
Hexose sugars, a category of carbohydrates, contain six carbon atoms.

Proteins

The formation of proteins begins with peptide bonds, which connect amino acid molecules.
Hydrogen bonds are crucial for maintaining the secondary structure of proteins.
Amino acids have two functional groups: amino and carboxyl, and can be classified as polar or non-polar.

Lipids

Triglycerides are lipids composed of three fatty acids and glycerol.
Saturated fatty acids do not have double bonds between their carbon atoms.

Nucleic Acids

RNA primarily functions in the synthesis of proteins.
Pyrimidines, which are a category of nucleotides, include cytosine and uracil.
DNA and RNA differ in that DNA nucleotides have a different sugar compared to RNA nucleotides.

Isomers

Isomers are compounds with the same types and number of atoms and the same molecular weight, but different structures.

Organic Compounds

An organic compound must contain at least one carbon atom.
Hydrocarbon chains are hydrophobic due to the absence of polar or charged atoms.

Enzymes and Energy

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions.
Energy storage in ATP occurs at the third phosphate-phosphate bond, a key aspect of cellular energy transfer.

Functional Groups

The presence of a carboxyl group in a hydrocarbon prevents it from dissolving in water, highlighting the importance of functional groups in solubility.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential macromolecules in biology, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Explore the structural features, functional groups, and classifications of these biomolecules. Test your knowledge on their formation, characteristics, and significance in biological processes.