Picornavirus: Transmission, Disease, Prevention

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which mode of transmission is common to picornaviruses and caliciviruses?

Fecal-oral route (correct)

Contaminated water or food

Direct contact with infected individuals

Respiratory droplets

What is the primary cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks?

Norovirus (correct)

Poliovirus

Rhinovirus

Hepatitis E virus

Which virus is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food?

Norovirus

Hepatitis E virus (correct)

Poliovirus

Rhinovirus

What is the primary method of prevention for rhinovirus infections?

Practicing good hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by poliovirus?

Polio Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is a common cause of the common cold?

Rhinovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of prevention for norovirus infections?

Practicing good hygiene Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets?

Rhinovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the disease caused by hepatitis E virus?

Acute hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which virus has a vaccine available for prevention?

Poliovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

Reovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a rash and fever, and can lead to congenital rubella syndrome if contracted during pregnancy?

Rubella Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or breast milk?

HIV Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for influenza viruses?

Respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal?

Rabies virus Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by a weakened immune system and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and cancers?

AIDS Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing by infected individuals?

Paramyxovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission for flaviviruses like dengue virus and Zika virus?

Infected mosquitoes Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is primarily transmitted through contaminated hands, objects, or surfaces?

Rotavirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary prevention measure for hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission?

Blood safety measures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of pre-exposure vaccination against rabies?

To protect individuals at high risk of exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of filoviruses like Ebola?

Through direct contact with infected bodily fluids Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Ebola virus infection?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for rabies?

To prevent rabies in individuals bitten or scratched by potentially rabid animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of controlling rabies in animal populations?

To reduce the risk of rabies transmission to humans Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of preventing Ebola outbreaks?

Implementing infection control practices in healthcare settings Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of safe burial practices in Ebola prevention?

To reduce the transmission of Ebola Signup and view all the answers

What is a severe complication of Ebola virus infection?

Hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

Who is at high risk of exposure to rabies?

Veterinarians and travelers to endemic areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of rabies immune globulin (RIG)?

To provide passive immunity to individuals bitten or scratched by potentially rabid animals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Picornavirus

Transmitted via respiratory droplets, fecal-oral route, or contaminated surfaces.
Poliovirus can cause polio; rhinovirus is a leading cause of the common cold.
Vaccines for poliovirus are available; good hygiene practices aid in preventing rhinovirus infections.

Hepevirus

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) spreads through contaminated water or food, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.
Can result in acute hepatitis, more severe in developing nations.
Safe drinking water and sanitation practices are key preventative measures.

Calicivirus

Caliciviruses, such as norovirus, are transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or surfaces.
Norovirus is a common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks, leading to diarrhea and vomiting.
Preventive measures include good hygiene, thorough food cooking, and sanitation.

Reovirus

Rotavirus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route via contaminated hands or surfaces.
Causes gastroenteritis, especially in infants and children, with symptoms including diarrhea and dehydration.
Vaccines are used in routine childhood immunizations to prevent rotavirus.

Flavivirus

Flaviviruses are primarily transmitted by infected mosquitoes; hepatitis C virus (HCV) spreads through infected blood.
Diseases include dengue fever, Zika virus, yellow fever, and hepatitis C.
Prevention involves mosquito control, using repellents, protective clothing, and blood safety measures.

Togavirus

Rubella virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes.
Can cause rubella (German measles) and risk congenital rubella syndrome in pregnant women.
Vaccination is part of routine immunizations to prevent rubella.

Retrovirus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids.
Leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), increasing susceptibility to infections and cancers.
Prevention includes safe sex practices, sterile needles, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Orthomyxovirus

Influenza viruses spread through respiratory droplets from infected individuals.
Influenza can cause seasonal flu outbreaks with symptoms like fever and body aches.
Vaccination is available, updated annually; hygiene and antiviral medications help prevent infections.

Paramyxovirus

Measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) transmit through respiratory droplets.
Measles leads to characteristic symptoms like rash, while RSV causes respiratory infections in young children.
Vaccines are available for both diseases as part of routine childhood immunizations.

Rhabdovirus

Rabies virus transmits through bites or scratches from infected animals, notably dogs and bats.
Rabies affects the central nervous system, potentially causing death without treatment.
Prevention includes pre-exposure vaccinations for high-risk individuals and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) after potential exposure.

Filovirus

Filoviruses, like Ebola, are transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated surfaces.
Ebola virus can lead to severe Ebola hemorrhagic fever, symptoms include fever, vomiting, and organ failure.
Infection control practices, safe burial methods, and public health interventions are crucial for outbreak prevention.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Learn about the modes of transmission, diseases caused, and prevention methods of Picornaviruses, including poliovirus and rhinovirus. Understand the importance of vaccines and good hygiene practices in preventing infections.