Physiology: Special Senses - Optics and Vision
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Questions and Answers

What happens to light when it travels from one medium to another?

  • Its speed changes depending on the density of the medium (correct)
  • Its speed increases
  • Its wavelength changes
  • Its frequency changes

    • What is the result of absorption of light by an object?

  • The energy is reflected back
  • The frequency of light changes
  • The energy is scattered back
  • The internal energy of the particles increases (correct)

    • What happens to light when it hits a transparent object like water?

  • The frequency of light changes
  • It is absorbed by the object
  • The speed of light changes due to the change in density (correct)
  • It is reflected back

    • What is the index of refraction (n) dependent on?

    <p>The speed of light in a vacuum and the phase velocity of light in the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the speed of light when it moves from a lower refractive index to a higher refractive index?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ray of light when it moves from a higher refractive index to a lower refractive index?

    <p>It is bent away from the normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What remains the same when light passes from one medium to another?

    <p>The frequency and wavelength of light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the index of refraction?

    <p>To indicate the ability of a medium to bend or refract light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in the response of OFF center bipolar cells to glutamate?

    <p>They open ionotropic glutamate receptor channels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of ON center bipolar cells to light on the center of the receptive field?

    <p>They are depolarized by light on the center of the receptive field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of amacrine cells in the visual message?

    <p>To integrate, modulate and interpose a temporal domain to the visual message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors do ON center bipolar cells have?

    <p>Metabotropic glutamate receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to perceive the world in three dimensions?

    <p>Depth Perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the ionotropic glutamate receptor channels of OFF center bipolar cells in response to glutamate?

    <p>They open in response to glutamate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of eye movement is controlled by the brain and is intentional?

    <p>Voluntary eye movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of light on the center of the receptive field on ON center bipolar cells?

    <p>They are depolarized by light on the center of the receptive field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the minimum amount of light that can be detected by the human eye?

    <p>Dark current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bipolar cells in the visual pathway?

    <p>To connect to ganglion cells and have the same organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of amacrine cells?

    <p>They are mostly inhibitory cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lenses are used to correct hyperopia?

    <p>Convex lenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a monocular cue for depth perception?

    <p>Shading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the eye adjusts to changes in light intensity?

    <p>Dark adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of color blindness?

    <p>Deuteranopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to see objects clearly at a distance?

    <p>Visual acuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary muscle in the accommodation process?

    <p>To decrease the tension on the lens ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting change in the refractive power of the lens during accommodation?

    <p>It increases by 15 diopters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pupillary constriction during accommodation?

    <p>To prevent the scatter of divergent rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of presbyopia?

    <p>Loss of elasticity of the lens due to aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bifocal lens?

    <p>To correct presbyopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Canal of Schlemm?

    <p>To drain aqueous humor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the refractive structures of the eye?

    <p>Cornea, lens, aqueous and vitreous humors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lens during accommodation?

    <p>It becomes more spherical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the retinotopic map in the lateral geniculate nucleus?

    <p>It is a precise, point-for-point representation of the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the P cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus?

    <p>Sensitive to color and presence of the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers does the lateral geniculate nucleus have?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway that receives input from M cells?

    <p>Magnocellular pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the input to the primary visual cortex?

    <p>Layer IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a lesion in the visual pathway?

    <p>Visual defect in the affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

    <p>In register along a line perpendicular to all layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the optic chiasm?

    <p>To transmit visual information from the eye to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway that receives input from the ipsilateral and contralateral side?

    <p>Optic tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers does the primary visual cortex have?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

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